Search results for "Spatial"
showing 10 items of 2121 documents
Green sulphur bacteria as a component of the photosynthetic plankton community in small dimictic humic lakes with an anoxic hypolimnion
2013
High bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) concentrations in the anoxic water layers of some humic lakes have indicated that green sulphur bacteria (GSB) may be ecologically significant. The abundance and spatial distribution of GSB were therefore addressed in 13 small humic lakes using fragment analysis and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. GSB were detected from lakes where the photosynthetically active radiation was at least 1.1 µE m �2 s �1 at the oxic� anoxic boundary layer. In these lakes, 13 to 42% of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the anoxic water column were assigned to GSB. The spatial distribution of GSB was tightly correlated with the spectrophotometrically measured BChl concentr…
Analysis of the vertical distribution in a model of phytoplankton dynamics
2010
Phytoplankton often faces the dilemma of living in contrasting gradients of two essential resources: the light that comes from above and nutrients that are often supplied from below. In poorly mixed water columns, algae can be heterogeneously distributed, with thin layers of biomass found on the surface, in depth, or on the sediment surface. Here, we show that these patterns can result from intraspecific competition between light and nutrients. First, we present numerical solutions of a reaction-diffusion-taxis model for phytoplankton, nutrients and light. We argue that motile phytoplankton can form a thin layer under poorly mixed conditions. The numerical solution of this model indicates t…
An anthropic soil transformation fingerprinted by REY patterns
2009
Abstract This Focus article deals intentionally with modern soil disturbance in situ . This is of interest to archaeologists as after disturbances, both short- and long-term, pedogenesis (re-)starts obliterating previous signs. Soil modifications induced by human activity may be linked to pedogenetic evidence for disturbance with archaeological evidence for the cultural activities. We contrasted two 750-m 3 soil pedons, an Anthrosol and a Kastanozem, from which the Anthrosol is derived, using 77 descriptors of soil properties which have been utilized in archaeological studies (pedo-morphological, routine laboratory, biochemical, metals and rare earth elements plus yttrium, REY) with the aim…
A Holocene relative sea-level database for the Baltic Sea
2021
Highlights: • A first standardized and publicly available Holocene relative sea-level database for the Baltic Sea is presented. • The database holds 1099 revised data points with an estimation of vertical and chronological uncertainties. • Negative RSL tendencies prevail over the positive and complex tendencies in the Baltic Sea Basin. • Mid-Holocene RSL highstand occurred around 7.5–6.5 ka BP being consistent with the end of the final melting of the LIS. • The contribution of ice loading in the eastern Baltic Sea Basin is likely overestimated in the ICE-5G and ICE-6G_C models. Abstract: We present a compilation and analysis of 1099 Holocene relative shore-level (RSL) indicators located aro…
Regional inequality and economic development in Spain, 1860–2010
2016
Abstract Fifty years ago Jeffrey G. Williamson suggested that during the process of economic development regional income differences trace out an inverted U-shaped pattern. Since then several studies have tested this hypothesis. Yet, most of these only explore particular stages of development. This study, however, investigates the long-term evolution of regional income inequality. Using a novel dataset spanning 150 years, we describe per-capita GDP disparities across Spanish provinces (NUTS3) from 1860 to 2010. Moreover, to gain a deeper understanding of regional inequality, we examine other relevant dimensions: modality, mobility and spatial clustering. Overall, the findings confirm the ex…
The public and private use of space in Magdalenian societies: Evidence from Oelknitz 3, LOP (Thuringia, Germany)
2015
Abstract The site of Oelknitz (Thuringia, Germany) is among the largest and in terms of spatial organisation most complex Magdalenian open air sites known to date, rich in evident structures. The current paper reports evidence from the youngest, latest phase of occupation at Oelknitz Structure 3. It is demonstrated that this structure represents a dwelling construction characterised by different spatially distinct activity zones. Several hypotheses can be drawn from this evidence in order to understand basic principles on Magdalenians’ settlement behaviour and their social cohesion.
Increasing contextual information by merging existing archaeological data with state of the art laser scanning in the prehistoric funerary deposit of…
2013
Abstract In this paper we present a virtual reconstruction of prehistoric funerary practices in Pastora Cave, a collective burial site in Eastern Spain that dates from the Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. Modern data of the cave was captured by 3D laser scanning techniques and added to recorded archaeological data and 3D graphic information. The combination of these data sets allowed us to create a hypothetical reconstruction to analyze the material excavated in the 1940s and 50s in greater spatial context. A 3D model of the current cave was created in order to serve as a basis for modeling the relative stratigraphic information available. We present the methodology employed and…
Indigenismo y migracionismo. Aspectos de la neolitización en la fachada oriental de la Península Ibérica
1996
This paper discusses various aspects on the origins of the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. The dual model is proposed as an alternative to the dichotomy of demie (migrationist) and non-demic (indigenist) explanations. The application of this model in eastern Spain offers an opportunity to evaluate its potential to account for diversity in processes associated with the origins of food production and their spatial organisation.
BIM Modelling of Ancient Buildings
2018
In the last years, new procedures on design and management of constructions, based on 3D standardised models of building elements, have been proposed. It’s the case of Building Information Modelling (BIM) applications, that, differently from CAD ones, allow to work with libraries of 3D parametrical objects (smart objects) describing geometric, structural and material properties of building elements. This methodology is based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) model, that represents a global standard for the building data exchange. Initially used for the design of new architectures, BIM methodology has been even more considered also for the management and the conservation of historical…
A Framework for a Smart City Design : Digital Transformation in the Helsinki Smart City
2019
Recently, there has been substantial interest in the concept of a smart city, as it has been a viable solution to the dilemmas created by the urbanization of cities. Digital technologies—such as Internet-of-Things, artificial intelligence, big data, and geospatial technologies—are closely associated with the concept of a smart city. By means of modern digital technologies, cities aim to optimize their performance and services. Further, cities actively endorse modern digital technologies to foster digitalization and the emergence of data-based innovations and a knowledge economy. In this paper, a framework for a smart city design is presented. The framework considers a smart city from the pe…