Search results for "Spatial"

Producer's spatial equilibrium with a fuzzy constraint

1980

The classical theory of the producer’s equilibrium rests on two sets of particularly restrictive hypotheses. First it is implicitely assumed that all inputs and outputs are located in a single place where the producer is also implanted and where the production is carried out. Next it is assumed that the producer follows a precise behaviour pattern, by this we mean that the producer has complete information concerning the conditions of hisproductive activity and he has perfect command over both the set of inputs and the set of outputs; he realises the maximum profit allowed by the technological constraint which limits his possible actions and by the given price system. The aim of this study …

Climate Zones of China

1988

Note: The climate zones respectively climate types, according to the climate regionalization scheme of Huang Bing-wei (1986), were described with particular reference to the major climate characteristics and their variation over space and time. Each climate zone also contains a climate map of China, showing distinctly the spatial distribution of the climate zone concerned. A climate diagram for a representative station was added which expresses the annual variation of precipitation and temperature, based on long-term monthly means.

Soil water content monitoring: a verification of thermal inertia approaches on low spatial, high temporal resolutions images

2013

Soil water content is directly connected with soil evaporation and plant transpiration processes; in particular, soil water content within the root zone, is readily available to evapotranspiration. Thus, in agricultural sciences, the assessment of the spatial distribution of soil water content could be of utmost importance in evaluating crop water requirement. In spite of limitations to applicability due to contingent cloud cover, water content of the upper part of the soil can be determined by applying the thermal inertia approach by coupling optical and thermal infrared images. The thermal inertia formulation, rigorously retrieved on bare soil, has been also verified on soils partially co…

Géographie des sports en France

2008

Space counts! Brain correlates of spatial and numerical representations in synaesthesia

2018

Over-learned semantic representations, such as numbers, are strongly associated with space in normal cognition, and in the phenomenon called number-space synaesthesia. In number-space synaesthesia, numbers are linked to spatial locations in an idiosyncratic way. Synaesthetes report numbers as belonging to a specific location, or feelings that a specific location is the right location for that number. What does really differentiate synaesthetes from non-synaesthetes with respect to their number-space representation? Here we present a number-space synaesthete, MkM, whose number-space representation dramatically differs from that of controls. We examined the impact of spatial distance with res…

Enhanced Spatial Navigation Skills in Sequence-Space Synesthetes

2018

Contains fulltext : 219554.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Individuals with sequence-space synesthesia (SSS) perceive sequences like months, days and numbers in certain spatial arrangements. Several cognitive benefits have been associated with SSS, such as enhanced mental rotation, more vivid visual imagery and an advantage in spatial processing. The current study aimed to further investigate these cognitive benefits, focusing on spatial navigation skills, to explore if their enhanced sensitivity to spatial relations is reflected in enhanced navigational performance. Synesthetes were distinguished from controls by means of a questionnaire, a consistency test and drawings. A virtu…

A cognitive architecture for artificial vision

1997

Abstract A new cognitive architecture for artificial vision is proposed. The architecture, aimed at an autonomous intelligent system, is cognitive in the sense that several cognitive hypotheses have been postulated as guidelines for its design. The first one is the existence of a conceptual representation level between the subsymbolic level, that processes sensory data, and the linguistic level, that describes scenes by means of a high level language. The conceptual level plays the role of the interpretation domain for the symbols at the linguistic levels. A second cognitive hypothesis concerns the active role of a focus of attention mechanism in the link between the conceptual and the ling…

Artificial organisms as tools for the development of psychological theory: Tolman's lesson

2007

In the 1930s and 1940s, Edward Tolman developed a psychological theory of spatial orientation in rats and humans. He expressed his theory as an automaton (the ‘‘schematic sowbug’’) or what today we would call an ‘‘artificial organism.’’ With the technology of the day, he could not implement his model. Nonetheless, he used it to develop empirical predictions which tested with animals in the laboratory. This way of proceeding was in line with scientific practice dating back to Galileo. The way psychologists use artificial organisms in their work today breaks with this tradition. Modern ‘‘artificial organisms’’ are constructed a posteriori, working from experimental or ethological observations…

Analysis of Socio-Spatial Differences in Germany for the Definition of Online Milieus

2017

This research paper is part of a research project that analyses the influence of socioeconomic variables on the usage of online social networks to provide quality ensured social media supported business transactions. The research in this paper contains the analysing of the online milieu groups from the Responsibility-Driven Individuals and the Digital Vanguards, which were defined 2012 as milieu groups for online users in Germany. Both target groups are part of the in Germany well-established approach of lifeworlds and milieus for the differentiation of groups in the society. With such a distinguishing of customer groups, the communication with agents in social media communication will be m…

Modelling Spatial Memory

2018

Among the different capabilities of animals, the formation of spatial memories is crucial for their life. Living beings able to move, constantly need to orient themselves in the environment to reach a target that might be not always visible. This chapter investigates the process of spatial memory formation as an essential ingredient for orientation in open and unstructured environments. Neural centres devoted to spatial memory and path integration were deeply investigated both in rats and different insect species like ants, bees and fruit flies. In this chapter a neural-inspired model for the formation of a spatial working memory is discussed considering some key elements of the insect neur…