Search results for "Spatiale"

Organisation spatiale et densités urbaines : une application à l'agglomération du Grand Dijon

2017

Cet article s’intéresse aux différentes formes et mesures de l’intensité de l’occupation de l’espace. Bien que l’indicateur le plus utilisé soit le ratio de densité brut de population, cet indicateur n’est pas suffisant pour qualifier l’occupation d’un espace. En effet, la densité revêt de multiples facettes. Il est possible de distinguer des densités de contenants (bâti) et de contenu (population, emplois) et différentes mesures peuvent être mobilisées pour quantifier cette occupation spatiale. Nous nous proposons dans cet article de mesurer et qualifier les densités urbaines – de population et de bâti – en proposant une mesure plus juste de l’intensité de l’occupation de l’espace au trave…

Les périurbains franciliens : stratégies résidentielles, tactiques du quotidien et résistance des modes d'habiter

2010

Les exclus de la mobilité : de l'observation à la décision

2014

In contemporary societies, mobility is considered as a social norm necessary for integration. Conversely, immobility is often seen as the opposite. Therefore, it is associated with a significant risk of exclusion. An approach in terms of exclusion involves a sociological orientation. Nevertheless, this thesis follows a geographical approach. Thus, a first question emerges from this disciplinary position: immobility is it a geographical object? Furthermore, it is possible to consider the mobility and immobility as equivalent and not opposed. This means that their impact may not be reversed. This position engages a second question: the relationship between immobility and exclusion is it legit…

Theoretical approaches for geometric optimization of urban forms : towards a fractal development of the city

2017

This thesis aims to establish a urban structure that optimizes inhabitant's preferences. In other words, we want to find out which city shape answers the best the residents' aspirations, according to their consumption preferences for urban and green amenities. By considering a theoretical field of study and by characterizing the population by a Cobb-Douglas behavioral pattern, we will build step by step a city, assuming successive arrivais of new individuals, in order to find out which geometric shape gives the most suitable answer. The final goal of this thesis is there to suggest a city with a fractal shape as an appro- priate answer to the resident's expectations. We will show that this …

Hospitalizations of patients in Burgundy and in nine other french regions, spatial analysis of interregional flows from french hospital claims data

2015

Introduction / presentation of the context : The creation of ARS (Regional Healthcare Agencies) was accompanied by the regionalized organization of healthcare. Even though the administrative procedures for dividing the country into areas for healthcare coverage are well known, we propose a geographic analysis of the reasons why patients attend one hospital rather than another, which seem to escape the logic used by the authorities.Methods employed and sources of data : Using the PMSI-MCO, we studied the flow of patients living in one region to hospitals in other regions according to ten reasons for visiting hospitals. The analysis was completed by a cartographic analysis, which related the …

Interactions, spillovers de connaissance et croissance des villes européennes. Faut-il préférer la géographie, le climat institutionnel ou les réseau…

2013

Knowledge spillovers within urban economies are also sources of spillovers between cities. We examine how knowledge spillovers influenced the economic growth of 82 European metropolises over the 1990-2005 period. We model knowledge spillovers between cities on the basis of five specific interaction patterns based on geography, networks of multinational firms in advanced services, institutional climate and two combinations of these factors. Spatial models are estimated to detail the effects of growth factors in terms of spillovers and externalities. We show that spillovers are local rather than global and that interactions among cities accelerate the convergence process based on gross value …

Nature et impacts des effets spatiaux sur les valeurs immobilières : le cas de l'espace urbanisé francilien

2013

International audience

NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS IN SPATIAL HOUSING VALUE MODELS. THE CASE OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF PARIS (1999)

2009

In hedonic housing models, the spatial dimension of housing values are traditionally processed by the impact of neighborhood variables and accessibility variables. In this paper we show that spatial effects might remain once neighborhood effects and accessibility have been controlled for. We notably stress on three sides of neighborhood effects: social capital, social status and social externalities and consider the accessibility to the primary economic center as describing the urban spatial trend. Using spatial econometrics specifications of the hedonic equation, we estimate whether spatial effects impact the housing values. Our empirical case concerns the Metropolitan Area (MA) of Paris i…

Apport de la topographie par LiDAR aéroporté à la caractérisation volumique et spatiale d’amas de déchets sidérurgiques. L’exemple des ateliers de Mo…

2022

Parmi les grands districts de production de fer brut connus, la Puisaye (Bourgogne du nord – Yonne et Nièvre) figure parmi les plus importants à l’échelle métropolitaine, si ce n’est à l’échelle européenne. Plus de 2500 amas de déchets, marquant l’emplacement d’ateliers de réduction du minerai de fer, sont ainsi connus en prospections (Piétak et al. 2012). Les résultats des travaux engagés depuis 2017 dans le cadre d’un Projet Collectif de Recherche, financé par la DRAC Bourgogne-Franche-Comté et le CNRS, ont permis de révéler la continuité de ces activités de production du fer depuis le premier âge du fer jusqu’au second Moyen âge. Pour la période antique, ces amas de déchets se caractéris…

Stratégies d'influences et politiques de maîtrise de la croissance locale

2010

Over the last ten years, real estate prices have risen considerably and accordingly to most observers, this can at least partly be attributed to an insufficient supply, due to local growth control measures. This thesis tries to understand what motivates local authorities implementing such policies. Local politicians are considered as opportunistic and their decision is modelled as the result of a political struggle between different land-related interests. This game for influence mainly opposes the owners of developed and undeveloped land, who find allies amongst local business interests that might form growth or ideas machines. Our first model describes this struggle under different hypoth…