Search results for "Specificity."

Comparison of the performance of butanol and pentanol as modifiers in the micellar chromatographic determination of some phenethylamines

2000

Abstract A procedure was developed for the determination of several phenethylamines (amphetamine, arterenol, ephedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, mephentermine, methoxyphenamine, pseudoephedrine and tyramine), using micellar mobile phases of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a C18 column and UV detection. The drugs were eluted at short retention times with conventional acetonitrile–water or methanol–water mobile phases. In contrast, in the micellar system, they were strongly retained due to association with the surfactant adsorbed on the stationary phase, and needed the addition of butanol or pentanol to be eluted from the column. These modifiers allowed a simple way of controlling th…

Human renal tubular epithelial cells as target cells for antibodies to proteinase 3 (c-ANCA)

1997

C57BL/6-specific conditions for efficient in utero electroporation of the central nervous system.

2014

Abstract Background In utero electroporation is a fast an efficient tool to specifically address gene expression in the murine central nervous system. This technique was originally established in ICR/CD-1 outbred mice. Neuroanatomical differences between the different mouse strains and variations in gestation length require the optimization of the conditions for each strain to avoid severe complications. Furthermore the relevant position information is currently only scarcely standardized and not always easy to transfer to C57BL/6 mice. New method In this study we present an improved method for in utero electroporation of C57BL/6 including a detailed atlas that allows for specific and effic…

T cell-mediated cytotoxicity: discrimination between antigen recognition, lethal hit and cytolysis phase.

1974

Using a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, the cytotoxic effector phase of in vitro activated mouse T lymphocytes (killer cells) against 51Cr-labeled target cells has been investigated. It is shown that within 5–10 minutes of contact between killer cells and target cells, the target cells are already committed to lysis, therefore, antigen recognition and “lethal hit” must have taken place within this period of time. In contrast, target cell lysis (cytolysis phase) requires up to 3–4 h in order to be completed; it occurs independently of killer cells and it is highly temperature dependent. The killer cell-dependent phase (antigen-recognition and “lethal hit”) is dissociated into two consecutiv…

Preserved knowledge maps of countries: Implications for the organisation of semantic memory

2004

We describe two patients with selectively preserved knowledge of the category of countries. Following a series of cerebra infarcts, patient DB presented with severe perceptual impairment, including dense apperceptive agnosia, prosopagnosia, an topographical agnosia. Despite these deficits, he could effortlessly name countries from their outline maps. Patient WH, who suffered from semantic dementia, had severe naming and comprehension difficulties, with extremely sparse residual semantic knowledge. Remarkably, the category of countries was preserved. First, we argue that, for both patients, this category preservation occurs at a semantic level. Second, we discuss our findings in the context …

Low zone tolerance induced by systemic application of allergens inhibits TC1-mediated skin inflammation

2005

Background The induction of tolerance may be a promising target of strategies aimed at preventing harmful allergic diseases. Low zone tolerance (LZT), induced by epicutaneous application of low doses of contact allergens, inhibits the development of T C 1-mediated contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Objective We evaluated the effect of systemic (oral, intravenous) administration of low amounts of haptens on specific immune reactions and tolerance induction. Methods By using the mouse model of LZT, we analyzed immune reactions in vivo (skin inflammation) and T-cell responses in vitro after oral, intravenous, or epicutaneous application of low amounts of the contact allergen 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlo…

Allergen-induced IgE-dependent gut inflammation in a human PBMC-engrafted murine model of allergy.

2011

Background Humanized murine models comprise a new tool to analyze novel therapeutic strategies for allergic diseases of the intestine. Objective In this study we developed a human PBMC–engrafted murine model of allergen-driven gut inflammation and analyzed the underlying immunologic mechanisms. Methods Nonobese diabetic (NOD)– scid -γc −/− mice were injected intraperitoneally with human PBMCs from allergic donors together with the respective allergen or not. Three weeks later, mice were challenged with the allergen orally or rectally, and gut inflammation was monitored with a high-resolution video miniendoscopic system, as well as histologically. Results Using the aeroallergens birch or gra…

Oral delivery of homologous and heterologous strains of rotavirus to BALB/c mice induces the same profile of cytokine production by spleen cells.

1998

Abstract In this work, we wanted to clarify if differences in antibody (Ab) and particularly in secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses following homologous or heterologous rotavirus infection could be explained by different priming of specific T helper (Th) cells. We compared the Ab responses from suckling BALB/c mice orally inoculated with either a heterologous simian (SA11) or bovine (RF) rotavirus or a homologous murine rotavirus (EHP w ), as well as the profile of cytokines produced by spleen cells after in vitro restimulation. Oral inoculation of EHP w and SA11 induced a similar pattern of Ab with mucosal and serum IgA associated with serum IgG with equal levels of IgG1 and IgG2a, …

Cytomegalovirus‐specific T‐cell immunity and DNAemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia undergoing treatment with ibrutinib

2021

Cooperation of Human Tumor-Reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells after Redirection of Their Specificity by a High-Affinity p53A2.1-Specific TCR

2004

Abstract Efficient immune attack of malignant disease requires the concerted action of both CD8 + CTL and CD4 + Th cells. We used human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201 (A2.1) transgenic mice, in which the mouse CD8 molecule cannot efficiently interact with the α3 domain of A2.1, to generate a high-affinity, CD8-independent T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a commonly expressed, tumor-associated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope derived from the human p53 tumor suppressor protein. Retroviral expression of this CD8-independent, p53-specific TCR into human T cells imparted the CD8 + T lymphocytes with broad tumor-specific CTL activity and turned CD4 + T cells into potent tumor-reactive, p53…