Search results for "Specificity."

Drug-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of man, rat, and pig.

2007

The mammalian skin has long been considered to be poor in drug metabolism. However, many reports clearly show that most drug metabolizing enzymes also occur in the mammalian skin albeit at relatively low specific activities. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on drug metabolizing enzymes in the skin of human, rat, and pig, the latter, because it is often taken as a model for human skin on grounds of anatomical similarities. However only little is known about drug metabolizing enzymes in pig skin. Interestingly, some cytochromes P450 (CYP) have been observed in the rat skin which are not expressed in the rat liver, such as CYP 2B12 and CYP2D4. As far as investigated most d…

Microseparation techniques for the study of the enantioselectivity of drug-plasma protein binding.

2009

Stereoselectivity in protein binding can have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of chiral drugs. The investigation of enantioselectivity of drugs in their binding with human plasma proteins and the identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in the stereodiscrimination by the proteins represent a great challenge for clinical pharmacology. In this review, the separation techniques used for enantioselective protein binding experiments are described and compared. An overview of studies on enantiomer–protein interactions, enantiomer–enantiomer interactions as well as chiral drug–drug interactions, including allosteric effects, is presented. The c…

Evaluation of Internet Social Networks using Net scoring Tool: A Case Study in Adverse Drug Reaction Mining

2015

Suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR) reported by patients through social media can be a complementary tool to already existing ADRs signal detection processes. However, several studies have shown that the quality of medical information published online varies drastically whatever the health topic addressed. The aim of this study is to use an existing rating tool on a set of social network web sites in order to assess the capabilities of these tools to guide experts for selecting the most adapted social network web site to mine ADRs.First, we reviewed and rated 132 Internet forums and social networks according to three major criteria: the number of visits, the notoriety of the forum and th…

FOCAL LIVER LESIONS: CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND

2008

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) represents a significant breakthrough in sonography and it is being increasingly used for evaluation of focal liver lesions (FLLs). The unique feature of CEUS of non-invasively assessing in real time liver perfusion throughout the vascular phase has led to a dramatic improvement in diagnostic accuracy of US in either detection and characterization of FLLs, as well as in the guidance and evaluation of response of therapeutic procedures. Currently, CEUS is included as a part of the suggested diagnostic work-up of FLLs, resulting in a better patient management and cost-effective therapy delivering. After a brief description of the basis of different CEUS tec…

Criteria for species determination in the 'revolutum' group of Echinostoma.

2004

A European multicentre evaluation of detection and typing methods for human enteroviruses and parechoviruses using RNA transcripts

2020

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection has become the gold standard for diagnosis and typing of enterovirus (EV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) infections. Its effectiveness depends critically on using the appropriate sample types and high assay sensitivity as viral loads in cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and sepsis clinical presentation can be extremely low. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of currently used commercial and in‐house diagnostic and typing assays. Accurately quantified RNA transcript controls were distributed to 27 diagnostic and 12 reference laboratories in 17 European countries for blinded testing. Transcripts represented the four human EV…

Interspecific and intraspecific interactions in the monogenean communities of fish: a question of study scale?

2007

SUMMARYMonogenean communities of fish have generally been considered non-interactive as negative interspecific interactions have rarely been reported. Most of the earlier studies on monogenean communities, however, have been conducted not only in systems with relatively low parasite abundances but, more importantly, at study scales where microhabitat-level interactions between the parasites are easily overlooked. We examined the communities of 3 abundant Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) species on the gills of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) by analysing the interactions at the scale of individual gill filaments, where interactions between the species, if any, should most likely take place. Cont…

Characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies against the Ro52 autoantigen

1997

SUMMARY Immunization of BALB/c mice with purified recombinant human Ro52 protein resulted in three anti-Ro52 MoAbs termed 2E7, 4C6 and 4F11. All anti-Ro52 MoAbs specifically reacted with recombinant human Ro52 protein, and also with Ro52 protein in total extracts of all human cell lines analysed, including the epithelial cell line HeLa, the B cell line Raji, the bladder carcinoma cell line RT112, and a fibroblast cell line derived from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. The anti-Ro52 MoAbs were able to immunoprecipitate the recombinant human Ro52 protein expressed in wheat germ extract, but failed to precipitate hY RNAs from cell extracts. The staining pattern of the MoAbs strongly differ…

Ventricular arrhythmias in children: the uselessness of MRI.

2009

Quality control for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies

2010

In the framework of an epidemiological study, dosemeters were used for the assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. To check the correct dosemeter's performance in terms of consistency of recorded field values over the entire study period, a quality control strategy was developed. In this paper, the concept of quality control and its results is described. From the 20 dosemeters used, 19 were very stable and reproducible, with deviations of a maximum of +/- 1 dB compared with their initial state. One device was found to be faulty and its measurement data had to be excluded from the analysis. As a result of continuous quality control procedures, the confidence in the meas…