Search results for "Spectrum disorders"
showing 10 items of 55 documents
Autisma iezīmes, agresivitāte un vecāku – bērnu mijiedarbība bērniem vecumā no 22 līdz 30 mēnešiem
2018
Pētījuma ietvaros tika apzinātas sakarības starp autiskā spektra iezīmēm, agresivitāti un audzināšanas pieejām vecāku-bērnu mijiedarbībā bērniem 22-30 mēnešu vecumā, un noskaidrots, vai pastāv statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības agresivitātes rādījumos bērniem ar un bez autiskā spektra traucējumu iezīmēm. Pētāmo izlase: 115 bērni vecumā no 22 līdz 30 mēnešiem, apakšizlasē 18 bērni. Tika izmantota bērna uzvedības novērtējuma anketa (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), adaptēta un pielietota „AS Detect” aptauja (Barbaro, 2016), Ģentes audzināšanas aptauja - vecāku versija (Van Leeuwen et.al., 2004), vecāku - bērnu mijiedarbības video novērojumi (Eyberg, 2002). Pētījuma rezultāti norāda uz statistiski n…
Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Gender: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines
2021
Studies on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders have shown gender disproportion. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in this investigation area. There are two main research lines; the first is focused mostly on gender-related biological reasons that could account for low ASD prevalence in women (i.e., related to some protective factors related to hormones or the immune system, among others), and the second research line studies possible diagnostic biases. In the present study, a review of the latter line of research is made based on two main objectives: (a) analysis of possible biases in diagnostic tools and (b) other nonbiological ASD prevalence explained by gende…
Early Intervention with Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Programs
2020
The aim of this article was to analyze the evidence regarding the effectiveness of intervention programs for children with autism based on the participation of their parents. To obtain the data, a systematic search was carried out in four databases (PsycARTICLES (ProQuest), ERIC (ProQuest), PubMed (ProQuest), and Scopus). The retrieved documents were refined under the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and a total of 51 empirical studies were selected. These studies were first classified according to the function of the intervention objective and, later, by the methodology applied (19 studies were based on comprehensive interventions, 11 focused on the nuclear symptoms of autism spectrum disorde…
Atgriezeniskā dienas grāmata kā pedagoģiskais risinājums bērnu ar autisma spektra traucējumiem komunikatīvās kompetences veicināšanai
2018
Šajā Maģistra darbā tiek prezentēta inovatīva “atgriezeniskā dienas grāmata” kā pedagoģiskais risinājums (objekts) bērnu ar autisma spektra traucējumiem komunikatīvās kompetences attīstīšanai (priekšmets). Darbam ir 83 lpp., tā skaitā 2 tabulas, 9 attēli, 68 zinātniskās literatūras vienības un 3 pielikumi Ieraksti ko vecāki un skolotāji fiksē dienas grāmatā, atspoguļojot ikdienā veiktās aktivitātes un kritiskos notikumus, palīdz paredzēt attīstības grūtības un labāk izprast konkrētās situācijas. Tika pierādīts, ka šī metode veicina bērnu verbālās un neverbālās komunikācijas uzlabošanu, sekmējot viņu emocionāla uztraukuma samazināšanos, kā arī viņu iespējas sekmīgāk iekļauties darba tirgū un…
Behavioral aspects in children's brothers affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders
2018
Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a permanent and complex disability arising within the first three years of life characterized by a socio-communicative disorder and by fixed interests and repetitive behaviors. The present pilot study aims to evaluate behavioral aspects in a small population of siblings of ASD children. Material and methods: Population: 5 school-aged children (2 males, 3 females) (mean age 9.235 ± 2.041) were enrolled, as siblings of ASD children, and for comparison, 12 healthy (7 males, 5 females) children (average age 9,528 ± 3,351). All subjects underwent evaluation of the behavioral with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scale. Results: The two groups were…
Utilizing content analysis in teaching materials for children with autism spectrum disorder
2019
It is important to look at how education materials for students with disability view disability itself. Raising the general public's awareness on autism is crucial because of the rise in the antivaxx and anti-science movements, particularly in the United States. This thesis utilizes Content Analysis to explore how a set of teaching materials for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) understands ASD and the agency of the ASD child and creates trust with the readers. I analyze two argumentation styles to understand how those forms of argumentation create trust with the readers. This study is qualitative and relies on philosophical and cultural definitions of agency and personhood. In a…
Effects of chronic alcohol consumption on enzyme activities and active methionine absorption in the small intestine of pregnant rats.
1996
The present study evaluates the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the intestinal transport of methionine during pregnancy. For this purpose, we have used an in vitro technique that allows measurement of the unidirectional influx of the amino acids across the brush-border membrane of the rat mid-jejunum, and the basolateral membrane enzyme Na+, K+-ATPase was also evaluated in the duodenum and jejunum. For chronic alcohol treatment, the rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol (36% of calories) or an isocaloric diet-(pair-fed control) for 5 weeks before and during pregnancy. Animals were killed at 21 days of gestation. Results from the kinetic analysis revealed that chronic ethanol tr…
Ethanol inhibits astroglial cell proliferation by disruption of phospholipase D-mediated signaling.
2002
The activation of phospholipase D (PLD) is a common response to mitogenic stimuli in various cell types. As PLD-mediated signaling is known to be disrupted in the presence of ethanol, we tested whether PLD is involved in the ethanol-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in rat cortical primary astrocytes. Readdition of fetal calf serum (FCS) to serum-deprived astroglial cultures caused a rapid, threefold increase of PLD activity and a strong mitogenic response; both effects were dependent on tyrosine kinases but not on protein kinase C. Ethanol (0.1-2%) suppressed the FCS-induced, PLD-mediated formation of phosphatidic acid (PA) as well as astroglial cell proliferation in a concentration…
A Preliminary Study on Cranio-Facial Characteristics Associated with Minor Neurological Dysfunctions (MNDs) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder…
2020
Background. Craniofacial anomalies and minor neurological dysfunction (MNDs) have been identified, in literature, as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. They represent physical indicators of embryonic development suggesting a possible contributory role of complications during early, even pre-conceptional, phases of ontogeny in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Limited research has been conducted about the co-occurrence of the two biomarkers in children with ASD. This study investigates the associative patterns of cranio-facial anomalies and MNDs in ASD children, and whether these neurodevelopmental markers correlate with intensity of ASD symptoms and overall functioning. Methods. …
Opolskie voivodeship secondary school students’ knowledge about fetal alcohol syndrome and its determinants
2019
Background: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may result in a wide range of morphological and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, most notably fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Objectives: To evaluate: (1) Opolskie Voivodeship high school students’ level of knowledge on the subject of FAS (2) the factors contributing to this level of knowledge (3) sources of information about FAS which are accessible and preferred by secondary school students. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 2018 among 228 adult students of Opole secondary schools. The authors used a diagnostic survey based on original questions they developed for the study. The students’ knowledge was assessed using a four-l…