Search results for "Spinal"

High anti-JCPyV serum titers coincide with high CSF cell counts in RRMS patients

2020

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) can in rare cases occur in natalizumab-treated patients with high serum anti-JCPyV antibodies, hypothetically due to excessive blockade of immune cell migration. Objective: Immune cell recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS) was assessed in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients stratified by low versus high anti-JCPyV antibody titers as indicator for PML risk. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell counts of 145 RRMS patients were quantified by flow cytometry. Generalized linear models were employed to assess influence of age, sex, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), clinical/radiol…

Does Optimal Volume Fraction in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Prevent Cement Leakage?

2018

Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors

2007

Although endocannabinoids constitute one of the first lines of defense against pain, the anatomical locus and the precise receptor mechanisms underlying cannabinergic modulation of pain are uncertain. Clinical exploitation of the system is severely hindered by the cognitive deficits, memory impairment, motor disturbances and psychotropic effects resulting from the central actions of cannabinoids. We deleted the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) specifically in nociceptive neurons localized in the peripheral nervous system of mice, preserving its expression in the CNS, and analyzed these genetically modified mice in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The nociceptor-spec…

The Function of the Caudate Nucleus in the Control of Some Paroxystic Activities in the Neuraxis

1969

(1969). The Function of the Caudate Nucleus in the Control of Some Paroxystic Activities in the Neuraxis. Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 465-484.

Pharmacological Suppression of CNS Scarring by Deferoxamine Reduces Lesion Volume and Increases Regeneration in an In Vitro Model for Astroglial-Fibr…

2015

Lesion-induced scarring is a major impediment for regeneration of injured axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The collagen-rich glial-fibrous scar contains numerous axon growth inhibitory factors forming a regeneration-barrier for axons. We demonstrated previously that the combination of the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-decarboxylic acid (BPY-DCA) and 8-Br-cyclic AMP (cAMP) inhibits scar formation and collagen deposition, leading to enhanced axon regeneration and partial functional recovery after spinal cord injury. While BPY-DCA is not a clinical drug, the clinically approved iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) may be a suitable alternative for anti-scarring treatment (A…

Cerebral spinal fluid flow, venous drainage and spinal cord compression in achondroplastic children: impact of magnetic resonance findings for decomp…

2001

In order to investigate the diagnostic properties of MRI of the brain and spine in achondroplastic children with regard to decompressive surgery, 25 patients were examined by conventional morphological and by "functional" imaging of CSF flow and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the veins and sinuses at the cranial base following a special protocol. The results were compared to those from age-matched controls and were correlated with each other and retrospectively with the neurological findings. Measurements of distances and angulations at the cranio-cervical junction (CCJ) from MR scans showed similar values to those from conventional radiographs and CTs and thus can be used without …

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid and plasma homocysteine levels in ALS

2009

BACKGROUND: High cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of homocysteine (HC) have been reported in certain neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases and, recently, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). OBJECTIVES: To assay the CSF and plasma levels of HC in ALS patients and controls, and to evaluate the relationship between HC levels and clinical variables of the disease. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid from sixty-nine (M/F 1.87) and plasma from sixty-five ALS patients (M/F 1.83) were taken and stored at -80 degrees C until use. Controls (CSF = 55; plasma = 67) were patients admitted to our hospital for neurological disorders with no known relationship to HC ch…

Mapping of phenytoin-inducible cytochrome P450 immunoreactivity in the mouse central nervous system

1991

Abstract The distribution of phenytoin-inducible cytochrome P450 in non-treated mouse brain and spinal cord was analysed immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibodies against phenytoin-induced mouse cerebral microsomal P450. This P450 protein was proved in Ouchterlony [Volk B. et al. (1988) Neurosci. Lett. 84 , 219–224], Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses to be reactive to the specific antibodies and an IgG fraction raised against phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomal P450IIB1. The phenytoin-induced P450 is designated P450IIB1 * because immunologically it is comparable with P450IIB1; however, it has not yet been analysed for other characteristics of this enzyme. Immunoc…

The Relationship between Gray Matter Quantitative MRI and Disability in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

2016

Purpose: In secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS), global neurodegeneration as a driver of disability gains importance in comparison to focal inflammatory processes. However, clinical MRI does not visualize changes of tissue composition outside MS lesions. This quantitative MRI (qMRI) study investigated cortical and deep gray matter (GM) proton density (PD) values and T1 relaxation times to explore their potential to assess neuronal damage and its relationship to clinical disability in SPMS. Materials and Methods: 11 SPMS patients underwent quantitative T1 and PD mapping. Parameter values across the cerebral cortex and deep GM structures were compared with 11 healthy controls, and…

Possible Pathomechanisms Responsible for Injury to the Central Nervous System in the Settings of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency

2012

The discovery of stenoses in the azygous and internal jugular veins, the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency that accompanies multiple sclerosis, has enabled the reinterpretation of knowledge about this neurologic dis- ease. Pathologic venous outflow from the central nervous system appears to lead to two main problems. Firstly, it disas- sembles the blood-brain barrier and may allow the penetration of nervous parenchyma by glutamate and leukocytes. Sec- ondly, it may result in significant hypoperfusion of the brain and spinal cord. These two overlapping pathologies are likely to trigger plaques through caspase-1-driven pyroptosis of oligodendrocytes and to evoke neurodegene…