Search results for "Spinal"

Should We Use Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in Parturients Undergoing Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia?

2017

Derivatives of Erythropoietin That Are Tissue Protective But Not Erythropoietic

2004

Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype–selective ligands allowing the separation of EPO's bioactivities at the cellular level and in animals. Carbamylated EPO (CEPO) or certain EPO mutants did not bind to the classical EPO receptor (EPOR) and did not show any hematopoietic activity in human cell signaling assays or upon chronic dosing in different animal species. Nevertheless, CEPO and various nonhematopoietic mutants were cytoprotective in vitro and conferred neuroprotection against stroke, spinal cord compression, diabetic neuropathy, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyeli…

Oligodendrocyte-specific FADD deletion protects mice from autoimmune-mediated demyelination.

2010

Abstract Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes (ODCs), the myelin-producing glial cells in the CNS, plays a central role in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. To investigate the mechanism behind ODC apoptosis in EAE, we made use of conditional knockout mice lacking the adaptor protein FADD specifically in ODCs (FADDODC-KO). FADD mediates apoptosis by coupling death receptors with downstream caspase activation. In line with this, ODCs from FADDODC-KO mice were completely resistant to death receptor-induced apoptosis in vitro. In the EAE model, FADDODC-KO mice followed an ameliorated clinical di…

High-Definition Imaging in Spinal Neuroendoscopy

2010

BACKGROUND Spinal endoscopy is still under controversial discussion. An often acclaimed critic is the poor endoscopic image quality in comparison with the microscope. Since high-definition digital cameras have recently been introduced into spinal neuroendoscopy, the aim of the current study is to examine whether superior image quality has a relevant impact on intraoperativen orientation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A lumbar endoscopic discectomy was recorded simultaneously in High-Definition resolution (HD) and Standard-Definition resolution (SD). 10 experienced spinal surgeons were asked to identify predefined as well as not predefined anatomic structures in HD and SD resolution. Additionally, th…

Biciliated ependymal cell proliferation contributes to spinal cord growth

2012

Two neurogenic regions have been described in the adult brain, the lateral ventricle subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus subgranular zone. It has been suggested that neural stem cells also line the central canal of the adult spinal cord. Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy and immunostaining, we describe here the organization and cell types of the central canal epithelium in adult mice. The identity of dividing cells was determined by 3D ultrastructural reconstructions of [3H]thymidine-labeled cells and confocal analysis of bromodeoxyuridine labeling. The most common cell type lining the central canal had two long motile (9+2) cilia and was vimentin+, CD24+, FoxJ1+, So…

The adult spinal cord harbors a population of GFAP-positive progenitors with limited self-renewal potential

2013

Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) of the forebrain are GFAP-expressing cells that are intercalated within ependymal cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ). Cells showing NSCs characteristics in vitro can also be isolated from the periaqueductal region in the adult spinal cord (SC), but contradicting results exist concerning their glial versus ependymal identity. We used an inducible transgenic mouse line (hGFAP-CreERT2) to conditionally label GFAP-expressing cells in the adult SVZ and SC periaqueduct, and directly and systematically compared their self-renewal and multipotential properties in vitro. We demonstrate that a population of GFAP+ cells that share the morphology and the antigenic pr…

ID4 Is Required for Normal Ependymal Cell Development

2021

Ependymal cells are radial glia-derived multiciliated cells lining the lateral ventricles of the brain and spinal cord. Correct development and coordinated cilia beating is essential for proper cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and neurogenesis modulation. Dysfunctions of ependymal cells were associated with transcription factor deregulation. Here we provide evidence that the transcriptional regulator ID4 is involved in ependymal cell development and maturation. We observed that Id4-deficient mice display altered ventricular cell cytoarchitecture, decreased ependymal cell number and enlarged ventricles. In addition, absence of ID4 during embryonic development resulted in decreased ependymal ce…

Intermittent Horner's syndrome on alternate sides: a hint for locating spinal lesions.

1980

A patient with a cervical intramedullary ependymoma is described who exhibited a Horner's syndrome on alternate sides. Pharmacological study demonstrated damage to the pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. Disregarding cases with the Shy-Drager syndrome, three comparable case reports have been found in the literature where the fluctuating expression of Horner's syndrome, alternating from one side to the other, was attributable to a lesion of the cervical spinal cord. In contrast to the present patient, the pharmacological responses of these patients indicated a lesion of the central sympathetic pathway.

Novel clinical insights into spinal hemangioblastoma in adults: a systematic review

2021

ABSTRACT Background Hemangioblastomas are well vascularized, benign CNS tumors and the third most common primary spinal cord tumor after astrocytoma/ependymoma, occurring sporadically or as a part of an autosomal dominant von Hippel-Lindau disease in which tumors are often multiple and prone to relapse. Spinal hemangioblastomas are commonly located in the cervical cord and associated with a syrinx formation. Due to location and growth trends, they may cause significant neurological deficit, impairing patient quality of life. We conducted a systematic review to understand better clinical insights of spinal hemangioblastoma in adults and compare spinal hemangioblastoma versus posterior crania…

Delayed chronic intracranial subdural hematoma complicating resection of a tanycytic thoracic ependymoma

2015

Background To demonstrate that the diagnosis of an intracranial subdural hematoma should be considered for patients presenting with acute or delayed symptoms of intracranial pathology following resection of a spinal tumor. Case description We present a case of a 57-year-old woman found to have a chronic subdural hematoma 1 month following resection of a thoracic extramedullary ependymoma. Evacuation of the hematoma through a burr hole relieved the presenting symptoms and signs. Resolution of the hematoma was confirmed with a computed tomography (CT) scan. Conclusion Headache and other symptoms not referable to spinal pathology should be regarded as a warning sign of an intracranial subdural…