Search results for "Spinal"

Improved Regeneration of Autologous Nerve Transplants by Means of VEGF-Gene Therapy

2009

The impact of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) on the angiogenic cascade is proven. Recently its neuroprotective effect after peripheral nerve injuries on α-motoneurons in the spinal cord was shown. Experiments on α-motoneurons demonstrated a decreased sensitivity to ischemia under VEGF-therapy. Aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of a localized VEGF-gene-therapy using an adenoviral vector construct in the model of a peripheral nerve defect in the rat treated with an autologous nerve transplant.

Predominance of Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with tuberculous meningitis: Reversal after chemotherapy

1999

We analyzed the γδ T cell composition and responses in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children affected by tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and in control children. Peripheral blood and CSF samples were stimulated with different phosphoantigens and IL-2, and expansion of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells assessed by FAC S analysis. Vγ9/Vδ2 lines were obtained by culturing CSF or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro with phosphoantigens and IL-2 for 2 months, and tested for proliferation and cytokine production in response to phosphoantigens. Vδ2(D)Jδ junctional sequence length was assessed by PCR. The repertoire of γδ T cells from the CSF of TBM patients was characterized by …

Cerebrospinal fluid choline levels in Parkinson's disease

1993

What is the relationship between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis?

2013

Abstract Although most of the research on multiple sclerosis was focused on its autoimmune aspects, researchers were also considering the roles of other factors, including vascular background of the disease. The idea that multiple sclerosis might be caused by stenoses of the veins draining the brain and spinal cord (the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency), is currently hotly debated by scientific community. Despite conflicting reports, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency seems to be a real clinical phenomenon. However, it remains uncertain how it should be defined and which tests should be used for its detection. Probably this vascular abnormality should be primaril…

Unexpected postmortem diagnosis of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

2008

Meningoencephalitis caused by pathogenic free-living amebas is usually fatal. Only a few cases of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis, diagnosed at autopsy, have been reported following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We here report a case of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with rapidly evolving neurologic symptoms that remained unexplained. Magnetic resonance imaging failed to show brain lesions and cerebrospinal fluid was negative for microbiological cultures. Definite diagnosis was an unexpected autopsy finding. As overall and teaching hospital autopsy rates are declining worldwide, we must emphasize the need of autop…

Historia natural de 30 casos de cavernomas: un seguimiento de dos décadas en el Estado de Paraíba, Brasil

2019

Introducción: Los cavernomas son malformaciones vasculares de bajo flujo que ocurren principalmente en el cerebro y, menos frecuentemente, en la médula espinal. Son lesiones raras y representan alrededor del 5-13% de las malformaciones vasculares del sistema nervioso central. Objetivos: Evaluar el seguimiento de 30 casos de pacientes diagnosticados con cavernomas y describir los hallazgos clínicos, epidemiológicos, topográficos, evolutivos y la conducta terapéutica en un período de 22 años. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal, de carácter cuantitativo, que incluye pacientes diagnosticados con cavernomas, a través de la recolección de datos en los Servicios de Neur…

Activation of Neurogenesis in Multipotent Stem Cells Cultured In Vitro and in the Spinal Cord Tissue After Severe Injury by Inhibition of Glycogen Sy…

2020

AbstractThe inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) can induce neurogenesis, and the associated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via GSK-3 inhibition may represent a means to promote motor function recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) via increased astrocyte migration, reduced astrocyte apoptosis, and enhanced axonal growth. Herein, we assessed the effects of GSK-3 inhibition in vitro on the neurogenesis of ependymal stem/progenitor cells (epSPCs) resident in the mouse spinal cord and of human embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitors (hESC-NPs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPs) and in vivo on spinal cord tissue regenera…

Time course of excitatory and inhibitory states of bulbar respiratory modulated neurons.

1980

In respiratory modulated neurons of rabbits, vagally mediated inhibition is not bound to resting membrane potential oscillations. Latency of spinally evoked antidromical spike invasion, however, is shorter and threshold voltage is lower during the shift of membrane potential towards depolarization accompanying burst discharge.

Plasma levels and cerebrospinal fluid penetration by duloxetine in a patient with a non-fatal overdose during a suicide attempt

2009

Duloxetine is a potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake with weak activity on dopamine reuptake (Wong et al. 1993). Daily doses of 60 mg are effective in the acute treatment of major depression. Duloxetine is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYP) 1A2 and to a lesser extent 2D6 (Lobo et al. 2008) to numerous non-active metabolites. Maximum plasma concentration occurs after 6 h, steady-state within 3 d and the mean terminal half-life is 12 h. Fatal outcomes have been reported for acute overdoses as low as 1000 mg, and symptoms of duloxetine overdose are well described. However, information about plasma levels of duloxetine and correspondin…

Formation of N-methylnicotinamide in the brain from a dihydropyridine-type prodrug

1999

The enhancement of brain choline levels is a possible therapeutic option in neurodegenerative diseases; however, brain choline levels are held within narrow limits by homeostatic mechanisms including the rapid clearance of excess choline from the brain. The present study tests whether N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), an inhibitor of the outward transport of choline from the brain, can elevate brain choline levels in vivo. As NMN does not cross the blood-brain barrier, we synthesized and administered the brain-permeable prodrug, 1,4-dihydro-N-methyl-nicotinamide (DNMN), and tested its effect on the levels of NMN and choline in brain extracellular fluid, using the microdialysis procedure. Administ…