Search results for "Stability."
showing 10 items of 3015 documents
Type II Odontoid Fracture: a case series highlighting the treatment strategies
2019
Background: A type II odontoid fracture, if unstable, can cause spinal cord damage. In this case, it is essential to choose the correct treatment—but the issues of what the correct treatment is and which of the different surgical options is best are quite controversial. In this paper we present strategies for treatment of type II odontoid fracture. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive cases of type II odontoid fracture were treated at the Division of Neurosurgery at Villa Sofia Hospital in Palermo (23 cases) and at the Neurosurgical Clinic, University Hospital of Palermo (seven cases), from January 2011 to August 2016. Four patients were treated with external immobilization. Twenty-six…
Growth and geomorphic evolution of the Ustica volcanic complex at the Africa-Europe plate margin (Tyrrhenian Sea)
2021
18 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
Activation of protein kinase C alpha and/or epsilon enhances transcription of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene.
1998
In primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), incubation with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) enhanced basal and bradykinin-stimulated nitric oxide production. In the HUVEC-derived cell line EA.hy 926, PMA and phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) mRNA expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Maximal mRNA expression (3.3-fold increase) was observed after 18 hr. NOS III protein and activity were increased to a similar extent. The specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide I (1 microM), Gö 6976 [12-(2 cyanoethyl)-6,7,12, 13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-5H-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo-[3, 4-c]carbazole] (1…
The use of soil water retention curve models in analyzing slope stability in differently structured soils
2017
Abstract This study analyzes whether and at what rate the parameterization of the Soil Water Retention Curve (SWRC) affects the analysis of shallow slope stability for differently structured unsaturated soils. Advanced empirical or physically-based equations of SWRCs have been proposed in literature to describe soil systems characterized by the so-called bimodal porous domain. In unsaturated soils, SWRC affects the stability assessment in two ways. It influences the resistance properties in terms of shear strengths, which depend on the soil water suction; and it affects the hydrological process modeling (e.g. infiltration) directly influencing soil moisture patterns and indirectly influenci…
Modification of antigen-encoding RNA increases stability, translational efficacy, and T-cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells.
2006
AbstractAdoptive transfer of dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with in vitro–transcribed, RNA-encoding, tumor-associated antigens has recently entered clinical testing as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. However, pharmacokinetic exploration of RNA as a potential drug compound and a key aspect of clinical development is still pending. While investigating the impact of different structural modifications of RNA molecules on the kinetics of the encoded protein in DCs, we identified components located 3′ of the coding region that contributed to a higher transcript stability and translational efficiency. With the use of quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (R…
Improving mRNA-Based Therapeutic Gene Delivery by Expression-Augmenting 3' UTRs Identified by Cellular Library Screening.
2019
Synthetic mRNA has emerged as a powerful tool for the transfer of genetic information, and it is being explored for a variety of therapeutic applications. Many of these applications require prolonged intracellular persistence of mRNA to improve bioavailability of the encoded protein. mRNA molecules are intrinsically unstable and their intracellular kinetics depend on the UTRs embracing the coding sequence, in particular the 3′ UTR elements. We describe here a novel and generally applicable cell-based selection process for the identification of 3′ UTRs that augment the expression of proteins encoded by synthetic mRNA. Moreover, we show, for two applications of mRNA therapeutics, namely, (1) …
Changes in the 5?-untranslated region of the rbcL gene accelerate transcript degradation more than 50-fold in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinha…
2003
Using uidA (beta-glucuronidase; GUS) reporter gene constructs, the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast rbcL gene was screened by deletion and mutational analysis for the presence of a promoter element that previous studies implied to reside within the first 63 base pairs of the UTR. Deleting a large segment of the rbcL 5'UTR in a 3'--5' direction to position +36, changing the remaining 36 base pairs at the 5' end of the UTR, and increasing by five base pairs the distance between the rbcL 5'UTR and the basic promoter element located at position -10 did not abolish transcription from the basic rbcL promoter. It is concluded that the apparent loss of transcriptional a…
Nitric oxide increases the decay of matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA by inhibiting the expression of mRNA-stabilizing factor HuR.
2003
Dysregulation of extracellular matrix turnover is an important feature of many inflammatory processes. Rat renal mesangial cells express high levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta. We demonstrate that NO does strongly destabilize MMP-9 mRNA, since different luciferase reporter gene constructs containing the MMP-9 3' untranslated region (UTR) displayed significant reduced luciferase activity in response to the presence of NO. Moreover, by use of an in vitro degradation assay we found that the cytoplasmic fractions of NO-treated cells contained a higher capacity to degrade MMP-9 transcripts than those obtained from contro…
Thymidylate synthase polymorphism and microsatellite instability: association in colorectal cancer.
2005
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is the main drug used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and Thymidilate Synthase (TS) is its target enzyme. TS gene has regulatory tandemly repeated sequences in its 5'' and 3''untraslated region (5''-3'' UTR). CRC often shows a kind of genomic instability called Microsatellite Instability (MSI) that is associated with TS levels and survival. Our data show that the genotype 2R/2R (homozygosity for 2 tandem repeat sequences in the 5''UTR) is more frequently associated with MSI+ and lower TS levels. More over we did not find any significant association between the 2R/3R (heterozygosity for 2 and 3 tandem repeat sequences in the 5''UTR) and 3R/3R (homozygosity f…
Involvement of KSRP in the post-transcriptional regulation of human iNOS expression–complex interplay of KSRP with TTP and HuR
2005
We purified the KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) as a protein interacting with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the human inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) mRNA. Immunodepletion of KSRP enhanced iNOS 3'-UTR RNA stability in in vitro-degradation assays. In DLD-1 cells overexpressing KSRP cytokine-induced iNOS expression was markedly reduced. In accordance, downregulation of KSRP expression increases iNOS expression by stabilizing iNOS mRNA. Co-immunoprecipitations showed interaction of KSRP with the exosome and tristetraprolin (TTP). To analyze the role of KSRP binding to the 3'-UTR we studied iNOS expression in DLD-1 cells overexpressing a non-binding mutant of KSRP. In these ce…