Search results for "Stain"
showing 10 items of 5524 documents
Three-Dimensional Spheroid Primary Human Hepatocytes in Monoculture and Coculture with Nonparenchymal Cells
2018
Recent advances in the development of various culture platforms are promising for achieving more physiologically relevant in vitro hepatic models using primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). Previous studies have shown the value of PHHs three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models, cultured in low cell number (1330-2000 cells/3D spheroid), to study long-term liver function as well as pharmacological drug effects and toxicity. In this study, we report that only plateable PHHs aggregate and form compact 3D spheroids with a success rate of 79%, and 96% reproducibility. Out of 3D spheroid forming PHH lots, 65% were considered stable (<50% ATP decrease) over the subsequent 14 days of culture, with reproduc…
Pursuing softer urban mobility behaviors through game-based apps
2020
Cities are currently engaged through their urban policies in pushing people towards less environmentally impacting mobility modalities: therefore, cycling and walking are strongly promoted, especially by means of new and wider limited traffic and no-cars zones. In this paper, the effectiveness of the new smartphones and apps-based technologies in modifying the mobility behaviors of citizens towards more sustainable choices has been investigated. Specifically, the potential of a smartphone app, directly involving citizens by means of a game rewarding the most sustainable trips, has been tested on a university commuters' group. These latter, starting from their current mobility situation, wer…
Does comsumption of staining drinks compromise the result of tooth whitening?
2019
Background After dental bleaching procedures dentists commonly advise patients to reduce the consumption of beverages that may cause the teeth to stain, however, the effectiveness of teeth whitening may not be directly affected by diet. Material and methods It was evaluated through in vitro study whether contact with dyes through in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide would influence the effectiveness of treatment. Sixty bovine incisors were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 12) according to contact frequency and type of dye solutions. All dental elements received three in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide one week apart. Except for GCTRL (control), al…
Resin infiltrant for non-cavitated caries lesions: evaluation of color stability
2017
Background The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the over time color stability of one resin infiltrant (Icon) upon exposure to staining solutions (coffee and wine) compared with one nano-hybrid sealant (Grandio Seal), one transparent fissure sealant with fluoride (Control Seal) and one nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme XTE). Material and Methods All materials were polymerized according to manufacturers’ instructions into silicon rings (height 1 mm; internal diameter 6 mm; external diameter 8 mm) to obtain specimens identical in size. The specimens were immersed in staining solutions at room temperature over a 28-day test period. The control samples have not been subjected …
The essentials of marine biotechnology
2021
Coastal countries have traditionally relied on the existing marine resources (e.g., fishing, food, transport, recreation, and tourism) as well as tried to support new economic endeavors (ocean energy, desalination for water supply, and seabed mining). Modern societies and lifestyle resulted in an increased demand for dietary diversity, better health and well-being, new biomedicines, natural cosmeceuticals, environmental conservation, and sustainable energy sources. These societal needs stimulated the interest of researchers on the diverse and underexplored marine environments as promising and sustainable sources of biomolecules and biomass, and they are addressed by the emerging field of ma…
Isolation and Analysis of Fasciola hepatica Extracellular Vesicles
2020
The finding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as important players in parasite-parasite and host-parasite communications has led to an increasing number of reports in the literature. Different protocols have been developed for isolation and further characterization of EVs from parasitic helminths. In this chapter, we describe step by step procedures to isolate EVs secreted by Fasciola hepatica adults in culture, which could be also applied for other developmental stages of the parasite, as well as EVs present in plasma and urine. Along with classical isolation methods like differential ultracentrifugation, and more recent techniques like size exclusion chromatography (SEC), here we also refer…
An in vitro analysis model for investigating the staining effect of various chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes
2017
Background There are different mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine in different concentrations, as well as various excipients. Chlorhexidine induce stains or discoloration in teeth and mucous membranes. The aim of this work was to design a model to reproduce in vitro staining associated with the use of different mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine. Material and methods We used as substrates of natural teeth and elephant ivory slices. Different incubation baths were conducted over 21 days in culture dishes at 37°C. At the beginning of experiment before incubation (D0) and after 21 days (D21) of incubation with different mouthwashes, pictures of substrates were taken in a standardized manne…
Alexander Disease Mutations Produce Cells with Coexpression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and NG2 in Neurosphere Cultures and Inhibit Differenti…
2017
Background Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The disease is characterized by presence of GFAP aggregates in the cytoplasm of astrocytes and loss of myelin. Objectives Determine the effect of AxD-related mutations on adult neurogenesis. Methods We transfected different types of mutant GFAP into neurospheres using the nucleofection technique. Results We find that mutations may cause coexpression of GFAP and NG2 in neurosphere cultures, which would inhibit the differentiation of precursors into oligodendrocytes and thus explain the myelin loss occurring in the disease. Transfection produces cells that diff…
Dysregulated Prefrontal Cortex Inhibition in Prepubescent and Adolescent Fragile X Mouse Model
2020
Changes in excitation and inhibition are associated with the pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders of intellectual disability and autism and are widely described in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), essential for cognitive processing, excitatory connectivity and plasticity are found altered in the FXS mouse model, however, little is known about the state of inhibition. To that end, we investigated GABAergic signaling in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) knock out (Fmr1-KO) mouse medial PFC (mPFC). We report changes at the molecular, and functional levels of inhibition at three (prepubescence) and six (adolescence) postnatal weeks. Functional changes we…
Sustainability of Fishing Is about Abundance: A Response to Bernatchez et al.
2018
Overfishing together with uncertainty or lack of recovery are characteristic challenges to fisheries management [1]. To realistically account for the multiple drivers of fish population abundances, ecosystem-based fisheries management has been accepted as the future avenue to assess and manage fisheries. However, practical implementations of ecosystem-based fisheries management remain rare, largely because of the lack of methodology and skills [2]. The discrepancy between the aims to conduct ecosystem-based and scientifically sound fisheries management and the prevailing practices becomes even wider when contrasting developed and developing countries [3].