Search results for "Stain"
showing 10 items of 5524 documents
Efficient, Cyanine Dye Based Bilayer Solar Cells
2012
Simple bilayer solar cells, using commercially available cationic cyanine dyes as donors and evaporated C60 layer as an acceptor are prepared. Cyanine dyes with absorption maxima of 578, 615 and 697 nm having either perchlorate or hexafluorophosphate counter-ions are evaluated. The perchlorate dye leads to cells with S-shape current-voltage curves; only the dyes with the hexafluorophosphate counter-ions lead to efficient solar cells. When the wide bandgap dyes are employed, S-shape current-voltage curves are obtained when the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS is used as hole transport layer. Substitution of PEDOT:PSS with MoO3 leads to cells with more rectangular current–voltage curves and high …
Polymer-based symmetric electrochromic devices
1999
Abstract The fact that conjugated polymers repeatedly undergo electrochemical doping/undoping processes, which are accompained by color changes, makes these materials very attractive, and much effort has been devoted to their use in advanced devices. There is renewed interest in electroactive polymers that reversibly undergo both p- and n-doping because of their potential application in symmetric electrochemical devices. We employed fused molecules, dithienothiophenes, as monomers to obtain polymers with a narrow band gap suitable for n- and p-doping. The performance results of two symmetric electrochromic devices having as electrodes both poly(dithieno[3,4-b:3',4'-d]thiophene) (pDTT1) and …
Design of experiment approach applied to reducing and oxidizing tolerance of anode supported solid oxide fuel cell. Part I: Microstructure optimizati…
2011
The main drawback of Ni/YSZ anode supports for solid oxide fuel cell application is their low tolerance to reducing and oxidizing (RedOx) atmosphere changes, owing to the Ni/NiO volume variation. This work describes a structured approach based on design of experiments for optimizing the microstructure for RedOx stability enhancement. A full factorial hypercube design and the response surface methodology are applied with the variables and their variation range defined as: (1) NiO proportion (40-60 wt% of the ceramic powders), (2) pore-former proportion (0-30 wt% corresponding to 0-64 vol.%), (3) NiO particle size (0.5-8 mu m) and (4) 8YSZ particle size (0.6-9 mu m).
Compressive response of substandard steel-jacketed RC columns strengthened under sustained service loads: From the local to the global behavior
2018
Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation on substandard partially steel jacketed RC columns strengthened under sustained loads and loaded until failure. The aim of the study is to compare the compressive response of preloaded columns with respect to the tests without preload to obtain a more realistic prediction of load-carrying capacity of structural columns after retrofitting under serviceability loads. The influence of the preload level, the delayed contribution of the confining device during the loading process and the time dependent effects are highlighted for the tested specimens. Based on the experimental observations, an analysis-oriented model is proposed for the …
Chromoendoscopy: What Is Its True Value for Ulcerative Colitis Surveillance?
2010
Advanced imaging technologies are enabling targeted biopsies or endoscopic resections due to better visualization of the mucosal architecture. This new concept of ‘smart biopsies’ is in particular important for patients with higher risk for development cancer (e.g. ulcerative colitis) but can also be beneficial for screening purposes. This short review will focus on new imaging modalities like chromoendoscopy, digital chromoendoscopy, high-definition endoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy in the lower GI tract which will be crucial in the future to detect colorectal neoplasia earlier then before.
Climate mitigation and intensified forest management in Norway: To what extent are surface waters safeguarded?
2020
AbstractWhile the role of forestry in mitigating climate change is increasingly subject to political commitment, other areas, such as water protection, may be at risk. In this study, we ask whether surface waters are sufficiently safeguarded in relation to the 2015 launch of a series of measures to intensify forest management for mitigation of climate change in Norway. First, we assess how impacts on water are accounted for in existing regulations for sustainable forestry. Secondly, we provide an overview of the impacts of forestry on water quality relevant to three support schemes: afforestation on new areas, increased stocking density in existing forests, and forest fertilisation. Lastly,…
Is there such a thing as sustainable physical activity?
2016
- This study aims to assess the prevalence of different modes of commuting to school and work for 10-12year-olds and their parents; to assess the associations with demographic variables (country, sex, parental education and ethnicity) and with weight status in eight European countries. As part of the ENERGY project a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010 in which modes of commuting and socio-demographic variables for children (N=7903) and one of their parents (n=6455) were measured by questionnaires. Children's weight and height were objectively measured; parents self-reported their weight and height. Logistic multilevel regression analyses assessed the associations between mode of c…
The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services
2017
The rehabilitation and restoration of land is a key strategy to recover services -goods and resources- ecosystems offer to the humankind. This paper reviews key examples to understand the superior effect of nature based solutions to enhance the sustainabilit y of catchment systems by promoting desirable soil and landscape functions. The use of concepts such as connectivity and the theory of system thinking framework allowed to review coastal and river management as a guide to evaluate other strategies to achieve sustainability. In land management NBSs are not mainstream management. Through a set of case studies: organic farming in Spain; rewilding in Slovenia; land restoration in Iceland, s…
Quotas regulation is necessary but not sufficient to mitigate the impact of SCUBA diving in a highly visited marine protected area.
2021
Abstract When effectively managed, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can produce wide ecosystem benefits that can foster, directly and indirectly, local economies. Tourism is one of the sectors mainly benefited by the effect of conservation. SCUBA diving represents an important tourism activity, especially in the context of MPAs, where it is one of the few activities often fostered rather than limited, for its capacity to integrate environmental and socio-economic sustainability. However, SCUBA diving can also produce negative impacts on the environment when tourism frequentation exceeds a sustainable threshold, these potentially generating negative effects on the sector itself. In this study, …
The impact of space development structure on the level of ecological footprint - Shift share analysis for European Union countries
2022
The impact of the space development structure on the level of the ecological footprint is an important element of the sustainable development policy, determining not only its directions, but also indicating the manner of respecting en- vironmental principles. The aim of the research is to assess the impact of the spatial development structure on the eco- logical footprint level. The considerations are based on the assumption that the spatial development structure is a determinant of the ecological footprint level. The study used the shift share analysis method. Selected European coun- tries were the subject of the research. The research period covered the years 2009–2019. The spatial differ…