Search results for "Stalemate"
showing 5 items of 5 documents
Psychological Conflicts Between Relatives During the Long-Term Course After Successful Living Organ Donation
2008
The German transplantation law prefers living organ donation between close relatives and spouses, which is assumed to guarantee unequivocal altruistic motivation. Since 2001, 68 recipient-donor-pairs, who aspired to have a renal or liver transplantation, underwent a systematic psychosomatic evaluation. Meanwhile, 43 transplantations were performed including 34 renal and 9 liver cases. Seventeen recipient-donor-pairs were readministered evaluations by the department of psychosomatic medicine after 1 to 6 years after transplantation for long-term follow-up. In 10 cases of medically successful transplantation, we identified severe conflicts between donor, recipient, and next-of-kin. Major conf…
The Origin of Life: More Questions Than Answers
1988
AbstractMore than 30 years of experimentation on the origin of life in the fields of chemical and molecular evolution have led to a better perception of the immensity of the problem of the origin of life on Earth rather than to its solution. At present all discussions on principal theories and experiments in the field either end in stalemate or in a confession of ignorance. New lines of thinking and experimentation must be tried. The continued exploration of our solar system, especially a better knowledge of Mars and Venus, of comets and carbonaceous meteorites may also lead to a better understanding of the prebiotic environment on Earth and will thus help us to design more appropriate preb…
The democracy–ochlocracy–dictatorship transition in the Sznajd model and in the Ising model
2005
Abstract Since its introduction in 2000, the Sznajd model has been assumed to simulate a democratic community with two parties. The main flaw in this model is that a Sznajd system freezes in the long term in a non-democratic state, which can be either a dictatorship or a stalemate configuration. Here we show that the Sznajd model has better to be considered as a transition model, transferring a democratic system already at the beginning of a simulation via an ochlocratic scenario, i.e., a regime in which several mobs rule, to a dictatorship, thus reproducing the corresponding Aristotelian theory.
THE INFLUENCE OF CONTRARIANS AND OPPORTUNISTS ON THE STABILITY OF A DEMOCRACY IN THE SZNAJD MODEL
2004
Sznajd-Weron and Sznajd introduced a model investigating the democratic development in a closed community. This model is based on the USDF-principle ("united we stand, divided we fall"). However, it faces the problem that the system tends either to a dictatorship (i.e., 100% pro or 100% contra) or to a stalemate state (i.e., exactly 50% pro, 50% contra). Based on their model, I will show that a democratic system keeps alive due to the existence of both opportunists and persons in opposition.
Bargaining for the Spoils of War: Somalia’s Failing Path from War to Peace
2014
ABSTRACTFor more than 20 years, Somalia has experienced state failure. Today, radical political Islam and groups such as al-Shabab with links to al-Qaida are gaining ground. The current federal government is failing to provide public goods, such as security, education, and health, to the population it claims to represent. To date, more than a dozen peace negotiations to end this conflict have failed. The objective of this article is to shed light on why past peace processes have failed. The study of the Mbagathi peace process that preceded the United Nations–led Djibouti peace process can help to better understand the current political stalemate and conflict in Somalia. Moreover, some of th…