Search results for "Standard"
showing 10 items of 3299 documents
Definition and Assessment of a BAC Factor for Estimating Electrical Consumption of Outdoor Lighting
2018
The BAC factors method was introduced by the international Standard EN 15232 for a rough evaluation of energy savings in buildings obtained thanks to automation. The above standard considers the building's services such as heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting and takes into account automation on the basis of assumed usage profile for the related technical installations. However, the standard does not refer specifically to the automation of outdoor lighting systems such as those serving gardens, entrance walkways and passages around the building and supplied by it. In this paper, the authors propose a method for evaluation an outdoor BAC factor for lighting system considering various s…
Standard of living, consumption norms, and perceived necessities
2014
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to focus on the material conditions of peoples’ daily lives by investigating changes in the self-perceived necessities of ten technology- and leisure-related consumer goods and services between 1999 and 2009. The authors also look at the socio-demographic predictors of the perceptions and the development of the ownership of the goods under investigation.Design/methodology/approach– The data are derived from surveys “Finland – Consumption and way of life” 1999 (N=2,417), 2004 (N=3,574), and 2009 (N=1,202). The statistical analysis methods include ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Also official statistics are used.Findings– Many technological goods, in pa…
Is participation in the tourism market an opportunity for everyone? Some evidence from Italy
2016
This paper investigates whether there are differences in tourism consumption behaviour among families by analysing the main determinants of tourism participation at national and international levels. In particular, it explores whether tourism is becoming part of the lifestyle of Italians or whether it is still a luxury good only for the privileged. A Heckman model was used on micro-data on Italian family expenditure over the period 1997–2007, and an income elasticity analysis for different personal and household characteristics was carried out. The results show that participation in the tourism market is strongly affected by the personal characteristics of individuals and that tourism cons…
Möglichkeiten der 16-Schicht-CT bei der linksventrikulären Funktionsbestimmung: Beurteilung zweier unterschiedlicher Software-Tools zur quantitativen…
2004
PURPOSE To determine global and regional left ventricular (LV) function from retrospectively gated multidetector row computed tomography (CT) by using two different semiautomated analysis tools and to correlate the results with those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen patients (5 females, 14 males, mean age 69 years) underwent 16-slice spiral-CT (MS-CT) with standard technique without administration of beta-blockers for a decrease in the cardiac rate. Ten series of images were reconstructed at every 10 % of the RR-interval. With commercially available software capable of semiautomated contour detection, end-diastolic and end-systolic LV volumes (EDV and ESV)…
Stochastic linearization critically re-examined
1997
Abstract The stochastic linearization technique, widely used for the analysis of nonlinear dynamic systems subjected to random excitations, is revisited. It is shown that the standard procedure universally adopted for determining the so-called effective stiffness of the equivalent linear system is erroneous in all previous publications. Two error-free stochastic linearization techniques are elucidated, namely those based on (1) the force linearization and (2) energy linearization.
Observed and Simulated Variability of Droplet Spectral Dispersion in Convective Clouds Over the Amazon
2021
In this study, the variability of the spectral dispersion of droplet size distributions (DSDs) in convective clouds is investigated. Analyses are based on aircraft measurements of growing cumuli near the Amazon basin, and on numerical simulations of an idealized ice‐free cumulus. In cleaner clouds, the relative dispersion ϵ, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of the droplet diameter, is negatively correlated with the ratio of the cloud water content (qc) to the adiabatic liquid water content (qa), while no strong correlation between ϵ and qc/qa is seen in polluted clouds. Bin microphysics numerical simulations suggest that these contrasting behaviors are associ…
Experiments with an adaptive Bayesian restoration method
1989
Abstract This paper describes a Bayesian restoration method applied to two-dimensional measured images, whose detector response function is not completely known. The response function is assumed Gaussian with standard deviation depending on the estimate of the local density of the image. The convex hull of the K -nearest neighbours ( K NN) of each ‘on’ pixel is used to compute the local density. The method has been tested on ‘sparse’ images, with and without noise background.
Learning Environments in Health and Medical Studies: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence
2019
The conventional approach to sustainability is being extended through approaches such as the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development. Under such approaches, the analysis of sustainability also involves understanding improvements in people&rsquo
Implementing Digital Government in the Finnish Parliament
2005
The Finnish Parliament has been active in utilizing information and communication technologies in the parliamentary work as well as in communicating with citizens and other organizations. As common in public sectors, work, knowledge management, and communication in the environment is document-centric. A strategic issue in implementing digital government has been SGML/XML standardization. The Finnish Parliament has been a pioneer in the adoption of SGML/XML technologies. The chapter reports experiences from the standardization efforts. The implications of the standardization will be examined from the viewpoints of documents, information technology, work with documents, the Finnish Parliament…
Granulometric moments and corneal endothelium status
2001
Abstract Specular microscopy is a common practice in Ophthalmology. The corneal endothelium status is usually evaluated by means of the density, the hexagonality, the mean, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of cell areas. We propose to replace the cell area moments by the corresponding moments of a different probability distribution, the granulometric size distribution associated to a disc. All cells touching the frame are ignored by the area moments but used by the granulometric moments. Twenty images have been analyzed. When the size of the focused region is reduced, the area moments show a greater variation than the corresponding granulometric moments.