Search results for "Standardization"
showing 10 items of 170 documents
The new agreement of the international RIGA consensus conference on nasal airway function tests.
2018
The report reflects an agreement based on the consensus conference of the International Standardization Committee on the Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway in Riga, 2nd Nov. 2016. The aim of the conference was to address the existing nasal airway function tests and to take into account physical, mathematical and technical correctness as a base of international standardization as well as the requirements of the Council Directive 93/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning medical devices. Rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, peak nasal inspiratory flow, Odiosoft-Rhino, optical rhinometry, 24-h measurements, computational fluid dynamics, nasometry and the mirrow test were evaluated for importa…
Gaining Competitive Advantage through Standardization and Differentiation of Services
2015
The goal of the paper is to study the question of whether or not differences between cultural groups influence the decision of a consumer wishing to avail himself of a particular service. Therefore we have developed a semiotic extension of the means-end approach as the theoretical basis for elaborating a solution to this problem. The conjoint analysis specifies the results of the meansend analysis.
GUI Usability in Medical Imaging
2009
The diffusion of computer technologies in everyday life has involved the birth of standard methodologies to control their development. Indeed, the purpose of standardization procedures consists of providing rules aimed to control technologies leaving no space for empirical improvisations. In general, medical software manufacturers provide their applications with Graphic User Interfaces (GUI) that are not compliant with any clear and standard usability criterion. The only guideline is the creation of GUIs inherited from the ones adopted on medical consoles because physicians use them routinely. This paper addresses this issue: medical software interfaces should be designed trying to overcome…
Visualization of EDI messages
2003
Multi-organizational EDI message networks are complicated communication environments with various standards and technologies. The role of third party message exchange hubs has become more important and their tasks more difficult. Current development activities for supporting the utilization of XML in electronic commerce focuses on message standardization and specification of common business architectures, processes, and web practices. A need to visualize EDI messages in different contexts to human readers has received insufficient attention in ongoing activities. In this paper we discuss problems and approaches related to the visualization of EDI messages in XML format. An idea of a standar…
Economic Allocation in Life Cycle Assessment The State of the Art and Discussion of Examples
2012
Summary This article examines methods for analyzing allocation in life cycle assessment (LCA); it focuses on comparisons of economic allocation with other feasible alternatives. The International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) guideline 14044 indicates that economic allocation should only be used as a last resort, when other methods are not suitable. However, the LCA literature reports several examples of the use of economic allocation. This is due partly to its simplicity and partly to its ability to illustrate the properties of complex systems. Sometimes a price summarizes complex attributes of product or service quality that cannot be easily measured by physical criteria. On th…
Contact between Italian and dialect in Sicily: the case of phrasal verb constructions
2017
The Phrasal Verb Constructions (PVCs) are an interesting example of the intertwining between Italian and dialects of Italy. These constructions are formed by a verbal base (especially of motion), and a locative or direction marking particle and exist in standard Italian as well as in regional varieties of Italian and dialects (i.e. Italian andare via 'go away', mettere giù 'put down'). Because of their progressive diffusion in different varieties of regional Italian, PVCs can be construed as an emerging feature increasingly accepted in regional standards. In this perspective, PVCs are an example of the contact between varieties that contribute to the restandardization of contemporary Italia…
International Bordetella pertussis assay standardization and harmonization meeting report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georg…
2009
An international meeting on Bordetella pertussis assay standardization and harmonization was held at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 19-20 July 2007. The goal of the meeting was to harmonize the immunoassays used for pertussis diagnostics and vaccine evaluation, as agreed upon by academic and government researchers, regulatory authorities, vaccine manufacturers, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The primary objectives were (1) to provide epidemiologic, laboratory, and statistical background for support of global harmonization; (2) to overview the current status of global epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunology of pertussis; (3) to develop a consen…
Transaction Costs, Standardization and Modularity in Credit Risk Transfer Market
2010
The advent of a credit risk market has profoundly altered the role of banking firms into one of asset originator and asset distributor rather than the asset holder. Banks have traditionally originated and held credit risk. It emphasis the different role of financial institutions from holders of credit risk to originators and distributors of credit risk. In this paper I aim to evaluate how the modularity and the standardization create the precondition for the creation of a credit risk transfer market in the banking industry. The intermediate market of credit risk transfer appears when the banking production processes have become more disintegrated. The vertical disintegration of the banking …
Leveraging technology for healthcare and retaining access to personal health data to enhance personal health and well-being
2021
Abstract Health data are a sensitive category of personal data. They can result in a high risk to individuals and health information-handling rights and opportunities unless there is a sufficient defense. Reasonable security standards are needed to protect electronic health records (EHRs). All personal data handling needs adequate explanation. Maintaining access to medical data, even in the developing world, would favor health and well-being across the world. Unfortunately, there are still countries that hinder the portability of medical records. Numerous occurrences have shown that it still takes weeks for medical data to be ported from one general physician to another. Cross-border portab…
Standards Initiatives for Software Product Line Engineering and Management within the International Organization for Standardization
2010
Software product line engineering is an established methodology for fast and effective development of software-intensive systems and services. To reap maximum benefits from the methodology, businesses typically need to implement coordinated changes in development methodologies, tools, product architectures, organizational designs, and business models. Product lines are developed in complex international software ecosystems, but there is no coordinated set of international standards for defining and leveraging the methodology. As a result, ecosystems cannot adopt standardized methods and tools for developing product lines, tool vendors face difficulties in developing tools to enable product …