Search results for "Standardization"
showing 10 items of 170 documents
Structural Source of the Trap of ICT Advancement - Lessons from World ICT Top Leaders
2014
In light of the significant consequence of the trap of dramatic advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) in the global economy, both nations and firms that have been compelling their productivity decline. This resulted in great stagnation of ICT advanced economies and therefore its structural sources were analyzed. Based on an empirical analysis tracing, the trend in marginal productivity of ICT and its subsequent prices among the top ICT leaders in the world over the last two decades correlating with the effects of ICT, two faces of ICT advancement were identified. On one side, advancement of ICT contributes to its prices increase by new functionality development, its …
General information model for representing machining features in CAPP systems
2004
Today, the generality of computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems and their standardization do not achieve satisfactory standards levels for industry. One of the major causes here is the difficulty of integration with computer-aided design applications, due mainly to the product model used. It is therefore necessary to identify models that are general with regard to the products, but at the same time suitable for CAPP. A product model suitable for CAPP must represent the product conceptually, enabling the development of process planning functions that operate with manufacturing concepts. It is therefore necessary to develop product information models using this philosophy. The present…
Engineering multi-agent systems: State of affairs and the road ahead
2019
International audience; The continuous integration of software-intensive systems together with the ever-increasing computing power offer a breeding ground for intelligent agents and multi-agent systems (MAS) more than ever before. Over the past two decades, a wide variety of languages, models, techniques and methodologies have been proposed to engineer agents and MAS. Despite this substantial body of knowledge and expertise, the systematic engineering of large-scale and open MAS still poses many challenges. Researchers and engineers still face fundamental questions regarding theories, architectures, languages, processes, and platforms for designing, implementing, running, maintaining, and e…
How to Distribute a Cake before Cutting It into Pieces
2000
This article analyses social networks by looking at the standard making processes. As a framework for analysis, actor network theory is chosen. Standards are of particular interest for actor network theory for they provide mechanisms to align interests of multiple social groups organized in networks that have a joint incentive in working with the standards and /or associated technologies. These social groups include scientific communities, government institutions and social movements (industrial groups, companies, and consumers) that are interested in regulating and innovating with new technologies. Standards provide the mechanisms to inscribe subsequent behaviors that are expected to becom…
Characterizing the "driver DNA" through CAN bus data analysis
2017
People's driving behavior is influenced by different human and environmental factors, and several attempts to characterize it have been proposed. Nowadays, the standardization of the CAN bus and the increase of the electronic components units in modern cars offer a large availability of sensors data that make possible a more reliable and direct characterization of driving styles. In this work, we propose the concept of "Driving DNA" as a way of describing the complexity of driving behavior through a set of individual and easy-to-measure quantities. These quantities are responsible for some aspects of the driver's behavior, just as -- in the metaphor -- genes are responsible for the tracts o…
Sustainable Transportation Management System for a Fleet of Electric Vehicles
2015
In the last few years, significant efforts have been devoted to developing intelligent and sustainable transportation to address pollution problems and fuel shortages. Transportation agencies in various countries, along with several standardization organizations, have proposed different types of energy sources (such as hydrogen, biodiesel, electric, and hybrid technologies) as alternatives to fossil fuel to achieve a more ecofriendly and sustainable environment. However, to achieve this goal, there are significant challenges that still need to be addressed. We present a survey on sustainable transportation systems that aim to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. We describe the ar…
Standards not that standard
2015
There is a general assent on the key role of standards in Synthetic Biology. In two consecutive letters to this journal, suggestions on the assembly methods for the Registry of standard biological parts have been described. We fully agree with those authors on the need of a more flexible building strategy and we highlight in the present work two major functional challenges standardization efforts have to deal with: the need of both universal and orthogonal behaviors. We provide experimental data that clearly indicate that such engineering requirements should not be taken for granted in Synthetic Biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s1303…
European consensus on grading bone marrow fibrosis and assessment of cellularity.
2005
Quantification of characteristic bone marrow biopsy features includes basic parameters such as cellularity and fiber content. These are important to assess the dynamics of disease processes with a significant impact on risk stratification, survival patterns and, especially, therapy-related changes. A panel of experienced European pathologists and a foreign expert evaluated, at a multi-headed microscope, a large number of representative slides of trephine biopsies from patients with myelofibrosis in an attempt to reach a consensus on how to grade cellularity and fibrosis. This included a critical evaluation of previously described scoring systems. During the microscopic analysis and subseque…
The Link Between Standardization and Economic Growth: A Bibliometric Analysis
2021
We analyze the link between standardization and economic growth by systematically reviewing leading economics journals, leading economic growth researchers’ articles, and economic growth-related books. We make the following observations: 1) No article has analyzed the link between standardization and economic growth in top5 economics journals between 1996 and 2018. 2) A representative sample of the leading researchers of economic growth has allocated little attention to the link between standardization and economic growth. 3) Typically, economic growth textbooks do not contain “standards” or “standardization” in their word indexes. These findings suggest that the economic growth theory has …
Standard Essential Patents e licenze a condizioni FRAND nel diritto della UE: equità e ragionevolezza tra antitrust e regolazione
2021
L’articolo affronta la controversa questione della determinazione delle condizioni per la concessione di licenze su brevetti essenziali per l’applicazione di uno standard, evidenziando come si sia rivelata inefficiente la scelta della Commissione UE di affidarla esclusivamente alla privata negoziazione dei termini degli impegni FRAND. Tale sistema ha generato un rilevante contenzioso, spesso affrontato con l’applicazione dell’art. 102 TFUE. Scarso aiuto hanno fornito le indicazioni fornite dalla stessa Commissione con diverse comunicazioni, il cui contenuto viene criticamente esaminato, e la pronuncia della Corte di giustizia sul caso ZTE/Huawei. L’autore è dell’idea che sia venuto il momen…