Search results for "Star"
showing 10 items of 4285 documents
Chewing bread: impact on alpha-amylase secretion and oral digestion
2017
During chewing, saliva helps in preparing food bolus by agglomerating formed particles and initiates food enzymatic breakdown. However, limited information is actually available on the adaptation of saliva composition during oral processing of complex foods, especially for foods that are sensitive to salivary enzymes. We addressed this question in the context of starch–based products and salivary alpha-amylase. The objectives were two-fold: 1) determining if salivary alpha-amylase secretion can be modulated by bread type and 2) evaluating the contribution of the oral phase in bread enzymatic breakdown.Mouthfuls of three different wheat breads (industrial, artisan and whole breads) were chew…
Urea cycle dysregulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
2018
Background & Aims: In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the function of urea cycle enzymes (UCEs) may be affected, resulting in hyperammonemia and the risk of disease progression. We aimed to determine whether the expression and function of UCEs are altered in an animal model of NASH and in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and whether this process is reversible. Methods: Rats were first fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 10 months to induce NASH, before being switched onto a normal chow diet to recover. In humans, we obtained liver biopsies from 20 patients with steatosis and 15 with NASH. Primary rat hepatocytes were isolated and cultured with free fatty …
The effect of different starting procedures on sprinters' reaction time.
2012
We examined the effect of different false start rules and starters' holding time on athletics sprinters' reaction times. Reaction times from 210 female (25.2 ± 3.8 years) and 361 male (24.8 ± 3.8 years) 100 m sprinters, participating in international championships for seniors from 1997 to 2011, were analysed. Holding time calculations were based on television recordings from the analysed heats (n = 267). Mean reaction times have increased by 20% (0.03 s, P0.001) during a 15 year period due to stricter false start rules. Starters' holding times were between 1.3 and 2.2 s for the analysed competitions. There was a small but significant relationship between reaction time and starters' holding …
Exploring the switching of the focus of attention within working memory: A combined event-related potential and behavioral study.
2018
Abstract Working memory enables humans to maintain selected information for cognitive processes and ensures instant access to the memorized contents. Theories suggest that switching the focus of attention between items within working memory realizes the access. This is reflected in object-switching costs in response times when the item for the task processing is to be changed. Another correlate of attentional allocation in working memory is the P3a-component of the human event-related potential. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that switching of attention within working memory is a separable processing step. Participants completed a cued memory-updating task in which they were instr…
Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Bulgaria.
1972
7 human red cell enzyme polymophisms have been typed on a sample of n=138 unrelated adults from Bulgaria, which revealed the following gene frequencies: ADA1=0.8623. ADA2=0.1376; AK1=0.9637, AK2=0.0362; 6-PGDA=0.9891, 6-PGDC=0.0108; PGM11=0.8346, PGM12=0.1653; PA=0.1596, PB=0.7983, PC=0.0420. In the LDH-system one B-subunit variant was found, whilst no Peptidase A or B variant could be observed. The anthropological significance of these findings is discussed.
Effect of Age and Lipoperoxidation in Rat and Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells
2020
A wide range of clinical applications in regenerative medicine were opened decades ago with the discovery of adult stem cells. Highly promising adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs), primarily because of their abundance and accessibility. These cells have multipotent properties and have been used extensively to carry out autologous transplants. However, the biology of these cells is not entirely understood. Among other factors, the regeneration capacity of these cells will depend on both their capacity of proliferation/differentiation and the robustness of the biochemical pathways that allow them to survive under adverse conditions like thos…
Preparedness for landing after a self-initiated fall.
2012
A startling auditory stimulus (SAS) causes a faster execution of voluntary actions when applied together with the imperative signal in reaction time tasks (the StartReact effect). However, speeding up reaction time may not be the best strategy in all tasks. After a self-initiated fall, the program for landing has to be time-locked to foot contact to avoid damage, and therefore advanced execution of the program would not be convenient. We examined the effects of SAS on the landing motor program in 8 healthy subjects that were requested to let themselves fall from platforms either 50 or 80 cm high at the perception of a visual imperative signal and land on specific targets. In trials at rand…
Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) induces mitochondrial proton leak and increases susceptibility of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver to ischaemia…
2008
Background: The mechanisms of progression from fatty liver to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis are not well elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a key factor in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as mitochondria are the main cellular site of fatty acid oxidation, ATP synthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aims: (1) To evaluate the role of the uncoupling protein 2 in controlling mitochondrial proton leak and ROS production in NASH rats and humans; and (2) to assess the acute liver damage induced by ischaemia–reperfusion in rats with NASH. Methods: Mitochondria were extracted from the livers of NASH humans and rats fed a methionine and choline de…
High anti-lymphoma activity of bendamustine/mitoxantrone/rituximab in rituximab pretreated relapsed or refractory indolent lymphomas and mantle cell …
2007
On the basis of a preceding phase I study, the current trial explored bendamustine in combination with mitoxantrone and rituximab (BMR) in patients with stage III/IV relapsed or refractory indolent lymphomas and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with or without prior rituximab containing chemo-immunotherapy (R-chemo) treatment. Therapy consisted of bendamustine 90 mg/m(2) days 1 + 2, mitoxantrone 10 mg/m(2) day 1, rituximab 375 mg/m(2) day 8. Treatment was repeated on day 29 for a total of four cycles. Between 3 April and 04 July, 57 patients were recruited from 24 participating institutions, 39% of whom had received prior R-chemo therapy. Median age was 66 years (40 - 83). Lymphoma subtypes were …
Granulomatous slack skin: report of a case associated with Hodgkin's disease and a review of the literature.
1994
We report a case of granulomatous slack skin (GSS) associated with Hodgkin's disease, and review the literature on this entity. GSS, a variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, clinically presents with erythematous patches in the flexures, which gradually transform into bulky, pendulous areas of skin. Histology shows an elastolytic granulomatous infiltrate, with atypical lymphoid cells, and occasional epidermotropism. As far as we are aware, 10 cases of GSS, including our patient, have been reported in detail. The male:female ratio of these cases is 9:1, and the age range 15-51 years. Five cases were associated with Hodgkin's disease, one with small lymphocytic lymphoma, and one developed cutan…