Search results for "State."
showing 10 items of 8943 documents
Experimental Study of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Behaviour for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
2014
An experimental study of lithium-ion battery thermal behaviour for automotive applications is presented. Experiments are conducted for a pack of three battery cells which encounter a series of different discharge and cooling conditions. Results show the different temperature distribution on different locations of the battery cell surface with the highest temperature increase near the positive and negative electrode. The temperature increases sharply if the state of charge (SOC) is too small (less then 20%). Higher discharge rate contributes to higher temperature increase and bigger maximum and minimum temperature difference. Higher cooling air velocity helps to decrease the overall temperat…
A heuristic approach for optimal operation of grid connected source-battery-load systems
2016
In the paper an optimal management procedure for a system composed of a renewable energy source, storage batteries and a load, permanently connected to a distribution network, is presented. The issue follows two objectives: a) maximum economic benefit for the system, and b) minimum energy exchange with the network. The operation cost of storage facilities, as well as the technical and economic constraints on power exchanges between the system and the network and the technical constraints about charging and discharging cycles of the batteries are considered. The effectiveness of the management procedure is numerically tested and the results are presented.
Rapid online solid-state battery diagnostics with optically pumped magnetometers
2020
Applied Sciences 10(21), 7864 (2020). doi:10.3390/app10217864
Modeling and experimenting the thermal behavior of a lithium-ion battery on a electric vehicle
2018
This paper deals with an electro thermal model of a lithium-ion battery for hybrid and electric vehicles. It was developed to study the behavior of lithium-ion battery key parameters. The thermal model, under Matlab/Simulink, is capable of predicting the voltage, current, State of Charge and temperature of the battery. Thereafter, the thermal behavior of the battery was studied under different operating conditions. The results of the simulation were compared with experimental measurements carried out by thermocouples and thermal camera on a test bench. Finally, the model has been validated on the NOAO electric vehicle.
A steady state and dynamic fuel cell model including temperature effects
2009
In the last few years fuel cells have attracted much interest from both academic and industrial researchers to replace current lithium-ion and similar rechargeable battery systems. A wide variety of research areas benefit from fuel cell use: electro-chemical, stationary, transportation and portable electronics can be cited as an example. Potential applications range from few watts to megawatts systems. Even concerning quite different scientific areas, fuel cell modelling is a common requirement. The complexity of such a topic relies not only on the modelling approach but also in the model structure and implementation. In this paper a steady state and dynamic fuel cell circuital model includ…
Robust Transmit Beamforming for Underlay D2D Communications on Multiple Channels
2020
Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communications lead to improvement in spectral efficiency by simultaneously allowing direct communication between the users and the existing cellular transmission. However, most works in resource allocation for D2D communication have considered single antenna transmission and with a focus on perfect channel state information (CSI). This work formulates a robust transmit beamforming design problem for maximizing the aggregate rate of all D2D pairs and cellular users (CUs). Assuming complex Gaussian distributed CSI error, our formulation guarantees probabilistically a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) above a specified threshold. In addition, we al…
Reliable Underlay D2D Communications over Multiple Transmit Antenna Framework
2020
Robust beamforming is an efficient technique to guarantee the desired receiver performance in the presence of erroneous channel state information (CSI). However, the application of robust beamforming in underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication still requires further investigation. In this paper, we investigate resource allocation problem for underlay D2D communications by considering multiple antennas at the base station (BS) and at the transmitters of D2D pairs. The proposed design problem aims at maximizing the aggregate rate of all D2D pairs and cellular users (CUs) in downlink spectrum. In addition, our objective is augmented to achieve a fair allocation of resources across the D2D…
3/4-efficient Bell measurement with passive linear optics and unentangled ancillae
2014
It is well known that an unambiguous discrimination of the four optically encoded Bell states is possible with a probability of $50\%$ at best, when using static, passive linear optics and arbitrarily many vacuum mode ancillae. By adding unentangled single-photon ancillae, we are able to surpass this limit and reach a success probability of at least $75\%$. We discuss the error robustness of the proposed scheme and a generalization to reach a success probability arbitrarily close to $100\%$.
Operational Quantification of Continuous-Variable Correlations
2007
We quantify correlations (quantum and/or classical) between two continuous variable modes in terms of how many correlated bits can be extracted by measuring the sign of two local quadratures. On Gaussian states, such `bit quadrature correlations' majorize entanglement, reducing to an entanglement monotone for pure states. For non-Gaussian states, such as photonic Bell states, ideal and real de-Gaussified photon-subtracted states, and mixtures of pure Gaussian states, the bit correlations are shown to be a {\em monotonic} function of the negativity. This yields a feasible, operational way to quantitatively measure non-Gaussian entanglement in current experiments by means of direct homodyne d…
Theoretical Analysis of the Electronic Spectra of Benzaldehyde
2001
The electronic spectrum of benzaldehyde has been studied by using multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory through the multistate extension (MS-CASPT2). The nπ* 11A‘ ‘ state, placed ve...