Search results for "State."
showing 10 items of 8943 documents
The Recovery of the Optimal Damping Constant by the MRF Damper
2009
In this paper was studied a method to analyze the recovering of optimal damping constant because of temperature increasing in a shock absorber. The increasing on temperature leads to decreasing that constant by mean dynamic viscosity such to modify the dynamic behavior of a 2DOF system built-up by sprung and unsprung mass. A MagnetoRheological damper was designed according with the desired optimal damping constant once fixed temperature design. It was seen that the increasing of temperature this constant is lost. As MagnetoRheological-Fluids allows us to increase the viscosity, we use a control signal by a state feedback of reduced order to create a such magnetic induction field to recover …
Innovative Approaches for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells
2023
El uso de nuevos materiales, como las moléculas emisoras de luz o los polímeros transportadores de iones, tiene una importancia fundamental a la hora de mejorar la vida útil o de conseguir altos niveles de luminancia en dispositivos de tipo LEC. Al mismo tiempo, los avances más recientes han llevado a la tecnología LED y OLED a una nueva clase de dispositivos con propiedades atractivas, como la flexibilidad o la transparencia, desarrollo que se ha llevado a cabo de forma muy limitada en los LECs. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el trabajo de esta Tesis se centró en la implementación de nuevos materiales, en particular nuevos emisores iTMC y un polímero conductor iónico, y el diseño y fabricación d…
4,4'-[Thiophene-2,5-diylbis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)]dibenzonitrile
2008
In the solid state, the title compound, C(22)H(10)N(2)S, forms centrosymmetric dimers by pairs of non-classical C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds linking approximately coplanar mol-ecules. The benzene ring involved in this inter-action makes a dihedral angle of only 7.21 (16)° with the thio-phene ring, while the other benzene ring is twisted somewhat out of the plane, with a dihedral angle of 39.58 (9)°. The hydrogen-bonded dimers stack on top of each other with an inter-planar spacing of 3.44 Å. C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link together stacks that run in approximately perpendicular directions. Each mol-ecule thus inter-acts with 12 adjacent mol-ecules, five of them approaching closer than the sum of the van …
Prawo kosmiczne w kontekście trzech reżimów prawnych. Jedność celów czy egoizm interesów?
2021
W artykule zaprezentowano aktualne kwestie związane z wykorzystaniem przestrzeni kosmicznej wraz ze wskazaniem konieczności przestrzegania obowiązujących regulacji, współtworzących międzynarodowe prawo kosmiczne. Zaprezentowano swego rodzaju proces ‒ ewolucję wykorzystywania przestrzeni kosmicznej, począwszy od monopolu państw, przez zdefiniowane wolą państw działania organizacji międzynarodowych, kończąc na narodowych agencjach kosmicznych, będących instytucjonalnym wsparciem również dla prywatnych podmiotów. W pracy, adekwatnie do wykazanej wielopodmiotowości, prezentuje się regulacje prawne, w których pierwsze konwencje, umowy z lat 60. i 70. XX w., współtworzące międzynarodowe prawo kos…
Nonlinear Liouville Problems in a Quarter Plane
2016
We answer affirmatively the open problem proposed by Cabr\'e and Tan in their paper "Positive solutions of nonlinear problems involving the square root of the Laplacian" (see Adv. Math. {\bf 224} (2010), no. 5, 2052-2093).
A Selenium-Nitrogen Chain with Selenium in Different Oxidation States
2017
The reaction of tBuNH2 with a mixture of SeCl2 and SeOCl2 in a 6:2:1 molar ratio produces the novel selenium-nitrogen chain ClSeN(tBu)Se(O)Cl (4), in which the selenium atoms are in two different oxidation states, SeII and SeIV. The crystal structure of 4 is compared with that of the related SeII/SeII system ClSeN(tBu)SeCl (1) and differences are attributed to hyperconjugative effects. The energetics of the formation of 4 via two different routes are elucidated by PBE0/def2-TZVPP calculations. peerReviewed
The strong coupling constant: State of the art and the decade ahead
2022
This document provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and prospects in the experimental and theoretical study of the strong coupling $\alpha_s$. The current status of the seven methods presently used to determine $\alpha_s$ based on: (i) lattice QCD, (ii) hadronic $\tau$ decays, (iii) deep-inelastic scattering and parton distribution functions fits, (iv) electroweak boson decays, hadronic final-states in (v) e+e-, (vi) e-p, and (vii) p-p collisions, and (viii) quarkonia decays and masses, are reviewed. Novel $\alpha_s$ determinations are discussed, as well as the averaging method used to obtain the PDG world-average value at the reference Z boson mass scale, $\…
Centrality dependence of ψ(2S) suppression in p-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
2016
The inclusive production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was studied as a function of centrality in p-Pb collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy √ sNN = 5.02 TeV at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed with the ALICE detector in the center of mass rapidity ranges −4.46 < ycms < −2.96 and 2.03 < ycms < 3.53, down to zero transverse momentum, by reconstructing the ψ(2S) decay to a muon pair. The ψ(2S) production cross section σψ(2S) is presented as a function of the collision centrality, which is estimated through the energy deposited in forward rapidity calorimeters. The relative strength of nuclear effects on the ψ(2S) and on the corresponding 1S charmonium state J/ψ is…
Combustion behavior of black liquors : droplet swelling and influence of liquor composition
2017
The combustion of black liquor (BL) in a recovery boiler is a central process in a kraft pulp mill for recovering the cooking chemicals and for producing heat and power. This work explored the most important combustion behavior of BL, the swelling of in-flight droplets, from the viewpoint of liquor composition. It also studied the combustion behavior of BL droplets obtained from two biorefining subprocesses (carbonation and hot-water pretreatment, HWP) and sulfur-free pulping alternatives (soda-anthraquinone (AQ) and oxygen-alkali pulping). The formation of a plastic state essential for the swelling of BL droplet was found to result from the melting of an array of carbohydrate-derived aliph…
From estate representation to the representation of the people and the nation in the Age of Revolutions
2020
In the Age of Revolutions, the legitimacy of political rule was increasingly derived in Western countries from popular sovereignty realised through parliamentary representation. This chapter analyses how the members of the representative institutions in Britain, France and Sweden attempted to solve tensions between popular sovereignty and representation during a revolutionary or evolutionary transition from the early modern representation of the interests of estates by delegates to the representation of the people by individual members. We also consider the American, Dutch and German assemblies and transnational interaction between political cultures. Tensions between the concepts of repres…