Search results for "Statistic"
showing 10 items of 12520 documents
Driver stress in five Spanish-speaking countries: Construct validity of the LatinSET
2020
Abstract Introduction Driver stress is a phenomenon many have studied in probably all five continents. It has been the focus of curiosity for all sorts of disciplines, and science has been unable to curb it, much less park it. Objectives This study aims to generate a unique scale that can be used in Spanish speaking countries regardless of culture or geography. Method and Materials A sample of 1954 drivers from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Chile and Spain was comprised. Through this study, the original 21 items of the ISET (Stressful Situations in Transit Inventory, in Spanish) were used to carry out both an Exploratory Factorial Analysis as well as a Confirmatory Factorial Analysis. Resu…
Investigation of the consequences of the modifiable areal unit problem in macroscopic traffic safety analysis: A case study accounting for scale and …
2019
Abstract Traffic safety analysis at the macroscopic level usually relies on previously defined areal traffic analysis zones (TAZs) that are used as the units of investigation. Hence, statistical inference is made on the basis of such units, implying that the consideration of a certain TAZ configuration may influence the results and conclusions achieved. Regarding this, the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a well-known issue in the field of spatial statistics, which refers to the effects that arise in statistical properties and estimations when there is a change in areal units of analysis. In this paper, the consequences of MAUP have been investigated through a dataset of traffic cras…
Modelling Drivers’ Adaptation to Assistance Systems
2021
Human factors research and engineering of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) must consider how drivers adapt to their presence. The major obstruction to this at the moment is poor understanding of the details of the adaptive processes that the human cognition undergoes when faced with such changes. This paper presents a simulation model that predicts how drivers adapt to a steering assistance system. Our approach is based on computational rationality, and demonstrates how task interleaving strategies adapt to the task environment and the driver’s goals and cognitive limitations. A supervisor controls eye movements between the driving and non-driving tasks, making this choice on the …
Flexible work arrangements and household-related journeys. Who takes the lead in dual-earner heterosexual couples?
2022
International audience; This research provides an exploration of the relationship between flexible work arrangements (FWA), CO2 emissions, and household travel allocation among dual-earner couples. Using data from the United Kingdom National Travel Survey for the period between 2002 and 2017, we develop a path analysis approach based on SEM that allows for a comprehensive study of travel behavior and trade-off effects. Results suggest that, although the partner who benefits from FWAs tends to carry out domestic provision and maintenance activities, the allocation of tasks within the household is still asymmetrical. Results also outline that the presence of children will intensely affect the…
Assessing the factor structure of the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS)
2020
Abstract The Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS) is a self-report instrument to assess risky driving behaviours among youth population. Although previous studies have offered evidences of reliability and validity for the BYNDS scores, results are not conclusive as regards its factor structure. The aim of this research was to assess the factor structure of the BYNDS via Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA). The BYNDS was administered to a sample of 832 drivers aged from 18 to 25 years (Argentina = 270, Colombia = 350, and Mexico = 212). Six models were examined: three derived from previous literature, one emerged from an exploratory factor analysis, a unidimensional model, and a bi…
Consistency Between the Subjective Perception of Feeling Indisposed, the Decision to Drive and Driving Performance
2016
Drivers' health and fitness are essential issues in order to predict traffic crashes, taking into account that these characteristics are essential to perform this task correctly and safety. The purpose of this research was to analyze the frequency in which drivers who feel physically or emotionally unable to drive decide to perform this task, or not, under states of indisposition, as well as the perception of the effect that this indisposition had on driving. This cross-sectional study used a total sample of n=1200 (666 [56%] men and 534 [44%] women) Spanish drivers, who answered a questionnaire designed to collect data about their psychosocial characteristics, driving habits and perception…
Probabilistic cross-validation estimators for Gaussian process regression
2018
Gaussian Processes (GPs) are state-of-the-art tools for regression. Inference of GP hyperparameters is typically done by maximizing the marginal log-likelihood (ML). If the data truly follows the GP model, using the ML approach is optimal and computationally efficient. Unfortunately very often this is not case and suboptimal results are obtained in terms of prediction error. Alternative procedures such as cross-validation (CV) schemes are often employed instead, but they usually incur in high computational costs. We propose a probabilistic version of CV (PCV) based on two different model pieces in order to reduce the dependence on a specific model choice. PCV presents the benefits from both…
Validation of a questionnaire of attributions to the detection of coincidences in academic work
2019
El plagio como tema de investigación en el contexto universitario no ha cesado de ser una preocupación constante debido a sus múltiples repercusiones. El presente estudio describe el proceso seguido en la validación del Cuestionario de atribuciones para la detección de coincidencias en trabajos académicos (CUDECO), cuya finalidad es evaluar la relevancia que tiene citar correctamente y detectar las causas que llevan a cometer plagio. A partir de una muestra de 2,331 estudiantes, se realiza un anális is de la fiabilidad como consistencia interna y un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) del instrumento. El análisis de la fiabilidad lleva a proponer un reajuste en el cuestionario inicialment…
Environmental problems and Geographic education. A case study: Learning about the climate and landscape in Ontinyent (Spain)
2021
AbstractCultural perceptions of the environment bring us back to elements and factors guided by “natural” cause-effect principles. It seems that academic education has had little effect on the manner and results of learning about changes in the local landscape, especially as regards rational explanations. There is considerable difficulty relating academic concepts about the climate to transformations in the environmental landscape. Teaching tasks are mediatized due to the use of rigorous and precise concepts which facilitate functional and satisfactory learning. This is the objective of the research this article aims to undertake, for which we have chosen the case of Ontinyent (Spain). This…
The Role of Perceived Relevance and Attention in Teachers’ Attitude and Intention to Use Educational Video Games
2017
Educational video games (EVGs) are becoming a trending topic in education as a new teaching methodology which can help teachers to increase students’ attention and engagement during the learning process. Nevertheless, despite an increasing academic interest in EVGs little research has been devoted to delve into teacher’s beliefs affecting their attitude towards EVGs and how these beliefs also affect their intention to use EVGs in their courses. Using Keller’s ARCS model as a theoretical framework, the role of perceived relevance and attention in teachers’ attitude and intention to use EVGs is analyzed. To do so a research model is tested using a sample of 312 Higher Education teachers via s…