Search results for "Stem Cell"
showing 10 items of 2354 documents
Challenges and new prospects in hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma.
2014
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and dismal prognosis. Hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma (γδ-HSTL) is a particular form of PTCL that arises from a small subset of γ/δ T-cell receptor-expressing lymphocytes. γδ-HSTL has a rapidly progressive course and poor outcome due also to its refractoriness to conventional chemotherapy regimens. The very low incidence of γδ-HSTL, along with its propensity to mimic different pathological entities, makes this lymphoma a true diagnostic challenge. In this review, we highlight the biological and clinical features of γδ-HSTL that contribute to making this lymphoma…
Breast cancer stem cells rely on fermentative glycolysis and are sensitive to 2-deoxyglucose treatment
2014
A number of studies suggest that cancer stem cells are essential for tumour growth, and failure to target these cells can result in tumour relapse. As this population of cells has been shown to be resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, it is essential to understand their biology and identify new therapeutic approaches. Targeting cancer metabolism is a potential alternative strategy to counteract tumour growth and recurrence. Here we applied a proteomic and targeted metabolomic analysis in order to point out the main metabolic differences between breast cancer cells grown as spheres and thus enriched in cancer stem cells were compared with the same cells grown in adherent differentiating c…
Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha modulates VLA-4 integrin-dependent adhesion to fibronectin and VCAM-1 on bone marrow hematopoietic proge…
2001
Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) is a potent chemoattractant for hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), suggesting that it could play an important role during their migration within or to the bone marrow (BM). The integrin VLA-4 mediates HPC adhesion to BM stroma by interacting with CS-1/fibronectin and VCAM-1. It is required during hematopoiesis and homing of HPC to the BM. As HPC migration in response to SDF-1alpha might require dynamic regulation of integrin function, we investigated if SDF-1alpha could modulate VLA-4 function on BM CD34(hi) cells.CD34(hi) BM cells and hematopoietic cell lines were tested for the effect of SDF-1alpha on VLA-4-dependent adhesion to CS-1/fibr…
In vitro and in vivo purging of B lymphoma cells from stem-cell products using anti-CD20 Abs.
2000
Background Autologous stem-cell transplantation has proved curative therapy for relapsed NHL. However, recurrence of underlying disease remains the major cause of treatment failure in this setting. Methods Development of effective MAb therapy directed against the B cell surface antigen CD20 has added a valuable tool of clearing contaminating lymphoma cells from stem-cell products by either in vitro or in vivo application. Results Transplantation of successfully in vitro purged bone marrow using Mabs has been correlated with prolonged survival in large Phase-II study. So far, no randomized trial could demonstrate a therapeutic benefit for in vitro purging. The anti-CD20 Mab rituximab has bee…
Abstract B5: A BMP7 variant inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in part by downregulating VEGFR2 and FGFR1 expression in endothelial cells.
2013
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive glioma, requires active angiogenesis for growth and survival. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the TGF-β superfamily, have numerous biological activities including control of growth, differentiation, and vascular development. Previously, we demonstrated the use of a BMP7 variant (BMP7v) to differentiate glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) and significantly reduce their tumorigenic potential (Tate and Pallini et al. 2012). Using an in vitro co-culture endothelial cord formation assay, a surrogate of angiogenesis, and its cognate in vivo model, we investigated the role of BMP7v in VEGF, basic FGF (bFGF), tumor-driven a…
STAT5 is crucial to maintain leukemic stem cells in acute myelogenous leukemias induced by MOZ-TIF2.
2012
Abstract MOZ-TIF2 is a leukemogenic fusion oncoprotein that confers self-renewal capability to hematopoietic progenitor cells and induces acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with long latency in bone marrow transplantation assays. Here, we report that FLT3-ITD transforms hematopoietic cells in cooperation with MOZ-TIF2 in vitro and in vivo. Coexpression of FLT3-ITD confers growth factor independent survival/proliferation, shortens disease latency, and results in an increase in the number of leukemic stem cells (LSC). We show that STAT5, a major effector of aberrant FLT3-ITD signal transduction, is both necessary and sufficient for this cooperative effect. In addition, STAT5 signaling is essent…
Role of SHP2 for FLT3-dependent proliferation and transformation in 32D cells.
2008
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a class III receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays a role in proliferation and differentiation of B-cell progenitors, myelomonocytic and dendritic cells, as well as in the maintenance of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (reviewed in Stirewalt and Radich,1and Schmidt-Arras et al.2). Recently, FLT3 has received much attention as an important oncoprotein. Mutations in FLT3 that lead to constitutive activation are among the most common molecular lesions found in acute myeloid leukemia.3 The most prevalent type of mutations result in internal tandem duplications (ITD) of amino-acid stretches in the juxtamembrane domain of FLT3. FLT3-ITD is constitutively a…
SOCS2 controls proliferation and stemness of hematopoietic cells under stress conditions and its deregulation marks unfavorable acute leukemias
2015
Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) promptly adapt hematopoiesis to stress conditions, such as infection and cancer, replenishing bone marrow–derived circulating populations, while preserving the stem cell reservoir. SOCS2, a feedback inhibitor of JAK–STAT pathways, is expressed in most primitive HSC and is upregulated in response to STAT5-inducing cytokines. We demonstrate that Socs2 deficiency unleashes HSC proliferation in vitro, sustaining STAT5 phosphorylation in response to IL3, thrombopoietin, and GM-CSF. In vivo, SOCS2 deficiency leads to unrestricted myelopoietic response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and, in turn, induces exhaustion of long-term HSC function along serial bone marro…
PO-298 MYC favours the onset of tumour initiating cells by inducing epigenetic reprogramming of mammary epithelial cells towards a stem cell-like sta…
2018
ABSTRACT Introduction Breast cancer consists of highly heterogenous tumours whose cell of origin resulted difficult to be defined. Recent findings highlighted the possibility that tumor-initiating cells (TICs) may arise from dedifferentiation of lineage-committed cells, by reactivation of multipotency in response to oncogenic insults. MYC is the most frequently amplified oncogene in breast cancer and the activation of MYC pathway has been associated with the basal-like subtype, which is characterised by poor survival and lack of a specific therapeutic strategy. Although MYC has been considered a driver oncogene in breast cancer, its mechanism of action in tumour initiation has been poorly a…
New generation of cancer stem cells inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.
2018
e20545Background: Lung cancer is the commonest tumor worldwide of which the most frequent type is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that represents a large proportion of cancer deaths and is chara...