Search results for "Stem Cell"

Neural and mesenchymal differentiations in Ewing's sarcoma cell lines. Morphological, immunophenotypic, molecular biological and cytogenetic evidence

1995

Three established Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cell lines (TC106, 6647, A4573), grown both in vitro and as xenograft tumors, were analyzed. In all 3 lines and tumors, the ES characteristic reciprocal translocation (11;22), as well as the presence of the ES-associated p30/32M1C2 antigen, were documented. However, these cell lines showed discrepancies in their neural and mesenchymal differentiation. The TC106 line was characterized by expression of the neuroendocrine marker secretogranin II (SgII) which was detectable by Northern blot and by radioimmunological detection (RIA) in the culture medium of secretoneurin, a proteolytic product of SgII. In contrast, TC106 cells were immunohistochemically and…

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1-Positive Cancer Stem Cells Mediate Metastasis and Poor Clinical Outcome in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

2009

Abstract Purpose: To examine the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in mediating metastasis in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and the association of these cells with patient outcome in this aggressive type of breast cancer. Experimental Design: CSCs were isolated from SUM149 and MARY-X, an IBC cell line and primary xenograft, by virtue of increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity as assessed by the ALDEFLUOR assay. Invasion and metastasis of CSC populations were assessed by in vitro and mouse xenograft assays. Expression of ALDH1 was determined on a retrospective series of 109 IBC patients and this was correlated with histoclinical data. All statistical tests were two sided. Log-rank …

Immunocytochemical study of an endometrial diffuse clear cell stromal sarcoma and other endometrial stromal sarcomas

1987

Intermediate filament composition was studied in the following endometrial stromal tumors: low-grade stromal sarcoma (endolymphatic stromal myosis), high-grade stromal sarcoma with an associated adenocarcinoma (collision tumor), diffuse clear cell stromal sarcoma and a mesodermal mixed tumor (carcinosarcoma). The tumor cells of the stromal tumors as well as the mesenchymal elements of the mixed mesodermal tumor were decorated exclusively with antibodies to vimentin. Desmin was not demonstrated in these tumor cells. A biochemical study of the cytoskeletal filaments present in the low-grade stromal sarcoma revealed, in addition to vimentin, beta and gamma actin as seen in normal endometrial s…

Abstract 2877: Dual role of mast cells in prostate tumors.

2013

Abstract Prostatic carcinoma is most often a multifocal disease, with areas of localized, well-differentiated adenocarcinomas coexisting with poorly differentiated lesions within the same tumor. Mast cells (MC), classically known as the primary responders in allergic reactions, have been recently indicate of prognostic value in prostate cancer. We have evidence of a dual role of MC in prostate cancer. Within the same human tumor, MC are specifically enriched and degranulated in areas of adenocarcinoma, whereas few around anaplastic foci. This observation has been confirmed in tumors from TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) mice, and in two novel tumor cells lines, derive…

2015

Notch receptors play an essential role in the regulation of central cellular processes during embryonic and postnatal development. The mammalian genome encodes for four Notch paralogs (Notch 1-4), which are activated by three Delta-like (Dll1/3/4) and two Serrate-like (Jagged1/2) ligands. Further, non-canonical Notch ligands such as EGFL7 have been identified and serve mostly as antagonists of Notch signaling. The Notch pathway prevents neuronal differentiation in the central nervous system by driving neural stem cell maintenance and commitment of neural progenitor cells into the glial lineage. Notch is therefore often implicated in the development of brain tumors, as tumor cells share vari…

A quest for initiating cells of head and neck cancer and their treatment.

2010

The biology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and other cancers have been related to cancer stem-like cells (CSC). Specific markers, which vary considerably depending on tumor type or tissue of origin, characterize CSC. CSC are cancer initiating, sustaining and mostly quiescent. Compared to bulk tumors, CSC are less sensitive to chemo- and radiotherapy and may have low immunogenicity. Therapeutic targeting of CSC may improve clinical outcome. HNSCC has two main etiologies: human papillomavirus, a virus infecting epithelial stem cells, and tobacco and alcohol abuse. Here, current knowledge of HNSCC-CSC biology is reviewed and parallels to CSC of other origin are drawn where n…

Claudin-18 splice variant 2 is a pan-cancer target suitable for therapeutic antibody development

2008

Abstract Purpose: Antibody-based cancer therapies have emerged as the most promising therapeutics in oncology. The purpose of this study was to discover novel targets for therapeutic antibodies in solid cancer. Experimental Design: We combined data mining and wet-bench experiments to identify strictly gastrocyte lineage–specific cell surface molecules and to validate them as therapeutic antibody targets. Results: We identified isoform 2 of the tight junction molecule claudin-18 (CLDN18.2) as a highly selective cell lineage marker. Its expression in normal tissues is strictly confined to differentiated epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, but it is absent from the gastric stem cell zone. …

Progressive multifocal encephalopathy in a patient with non-Hodgkin follicular lymphoma

2020

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by John Cunningham virus (JCV). We present a case report of patient with non-Hodgkin follicular lymphoma, who developed PML after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and rituximab-bendamustine therapy. JCV DNA was proven both in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Patient with 4 years history of follicular lymphoma presented with progressing weakness in the right arm and leg and postural instability. Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed bilateral hyperintense lesions in the cerebellum and centrum semiovale consistent with findings in PML. JCV DNA…

Role of PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer stem cells.

2018

12081Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor prognosis, lack of specific-targeted agents and is in need of new therapeutics. Immune checkpoint blockers have shown ...

Lovastatin protects human endothelial cells from killing by ionizing radiation without impairing induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

2006

Abstract Purpose: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are frequently used lipid-lowering drugs. Moreover, they are reported to exert pleiotropic effects on cellular stress responses, proliferation, and apoptosis. Whether statins affect the sensitivity of primary human cells to ionizing radiation (IR) is still unknown. The present study aims at answering this question. Experimental Design: The effect of lovastatin on IR-provoked cytotoxicity was analyzed in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). To this end, cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis as well as DNA damage–related stress responses were investigated. Results: The data show that lova…