Search results for "Stem Cell"

Biodistribution, Uptake and Effects Caused by Cancer-derived Extracellular Vesicles

2015

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are released in the extracellular space by a variety of normal and cancerous cell types and have been found in all human body fluids. Cancer-derived EVs have been shown to carry lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding and structural RNAs and even extra-chromosomal DNA, which can be taken up by recipient cells and trigger diverse physiological and pathological responses. An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancer-derived EVs mediate paracrine signalling between cancer cells. This leads to the increased invasiveness, proliferation rate and chemoresistance, as well as the acquisi…

Differential expression levels of Sox9 in early neocortical radial glial cells regulate the decision between stem cell maintenance and differentiation

2021

ABSTRACTRadial glial progenitor cells (RGCs) in the dorsal forebrain directly or indirectly produce excitatory projection neurons and macroglia of the neocortex. Recent evidence shows that the pool of RGCs is more heterogeneous than originally thought and that progenitor subpopulations can generate particular neuronal cell types. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we have studied gene expression patterns of two subtypes of RGCs that differ in their neurogenic behavior. One progenitor type rapidly produces postmitotic neurons, whereas the second progenitor remains relatively quiescence before generating neurons. We have identified candidate genes that are differentially expressed between thes…

Procedure to consistently obtain endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from umbilical cord vessels

2006

The prenatal history of an individual can be responsible to some extent for the occurrence of several diseases later in life. Thus, low birth weight has been related to an increased risk of developing hypertension or type 2 diabetes. The molecular and cellular basis of this increased risk could be found in body fluids and cell types that can be obtained just after birth. To get this unique information, a methodology was developed to consistently obtain cultures of 4 cell types, endothelial and smooth muscle cells from both the vein and the arteries present in the umbilical cord of an individual. From 21 umbilical cords processed, 82 of the 84 possible cell cultures were obtained. The cell c…

The effect of cadmium on brain cells in culture

2009

Cadmium is a long-living heavy metal, abundantly present in the environment, which accumulates in the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of cadmium on the expression of molecular chaperones, and of certain cell-specific proteins, in a variety of brain cell types in culture, namely primary cultures of rat cortical neurons and astrocytes, a brain capillary endothelial cell line (RB4E.B cells), and pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), induced or not to differentiate by NGF treatment. The metal induces a dose-dependent increase of Hsp70 in all cell types. Responses to the metal are cell-specific in the case of Hsc70 and Hsp90: i) in astrocytes, as well as in PC12 cells, cadmium has no s…

Adult Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges

2020

Adult stem cells (SCs) participate in tissue repair and homeostasis regulation. The relative ease of SC handling and their therapeutic effect has made of these cell popular candidates for cellular therapy. However, several problems interfere with their clinical application in cancer treatment, like safety issues, unpredictable pro-tumour effects, and tissue entrapment. Therefore cell-free therapies that exhibit SC properties are being investigated. It is now well known that adult SCs exhibit their therapeutic effect via paracrine mechanisms. In addition to secretory proteins, SCs also release extracellular vesicles (EV) that deliver their contents to the target cells. Cancer treatment is on…

Expression of muscarinic receptors on the murine embryonic stem cell line CGR8

2013

Umbilical cord versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

2012

incetheplacentaisapostnatal tissue and discarded asmedical waste, harvesting stem cells from this organrepresents a noninvasive and ethically conductive proce-dure. Perinatal stem cells isolated from amnion, chorion,umbilical cord, and cord blood are increasingly viewedas reliable sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)alternative to bone marrow-derived ones (BM-MSCs),which are currently the most commonly used in clinicalapplications [1–5].Perinatal stem cells are a bridge between embryonic stemcells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (such as BM-MSCs). Theyshare many characteristics of both cells [1,6]. Considering thestructural complexity of the term ‘‘placenta,’’ we have fo-cused our attent…

Tracing cells throughout development: insights into single glial cell differentiation

2014

In the article “Predetermined embryonic glial cells form the distinct glial sheaths of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system” we combined our expertise to identify glial cells of the embryonic peripheral nervous system on a single cell resolution with the possibility to genetically label cells using Flybow. We show that all 12 embryonic peripheral glial cells (ePG) per abdominal hemisegment persist into larval (and even adult) stages and differentially contribute to the three distinct glial layers surrounding peripheral nerves. Repetitive labelings of the same cell further revealed that layer affiliation, morphological expansion, and control of proliferation are predetermined and subject…

Rapid Differentiation of a Rare Subset of Adult Human Lin−CD34−CD38− Cells Stimulated by Multiple Growth Factors In Vitro

1999

Recently, several reports of lineage-negative (lin(-)) CD34(-) cells with in vivo hematopoietic activity have focused interest on the properties and growth factor response characteristics of these cells. We have now identified a combination of 5 growth factors that are necessary and sufficient to stimulate a marked mitogenic and differentiation response by a subset of human lin(-)CD34(-)CD38(-) cells present in normal adult human marrow and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized blood. Less than 0.1% of the cells in highly purified (including doubly sorted) lin(-)CD34(-)CD38(-) cells from these 2 sources formed colonies directly in semisolid medium or generated such cells a…

Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells maintain the expression of key immunomodulatory molecules when subjected to osteogenic, adipogenic and c…

2013

Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are the main diseases that imply an inflammatory process at the joints involving the articular cartilage. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from perinatal tissues were considered good candidates for cellular therapy of musculoskeletal and orthopaedic diseases, since they can differentiate into multiple cell types and are an easily accessible cellular source. Therefore, several protocols exist on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells of different origins into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Another key feature of MSCs is their capacity to modulate the immune system responses in vitro and in vivo. This may have critical outcomes in d…