Search results for "Stimulus"

Eye position tunes the contribution of allocentric and egocentric information to target localization in human goal-directed arm movements.

1997

Subjects were required to point to the distant vertex of the closed and the open configurations of the Muller-Lyer illusion using either their right hand (experiment 1) or their left hand (experiment 2). In both experiments the Muller-Lyer figures were horizontally presented either in the left or in the right hemispace and movements were executed using either foveal or peripheral vision of the target. According to the illusion effect, subjects undershot and overshot the vertex location of the closed and the open configuration, respectively. The illusion effect decreased when the target was fixated and when the stimulus was positioned in the right hemispace. These results confirm the hypothe…

An aggression machine v. determinants in reactive aggression revisited

2001

The relations between reactive aggression, situational cues, and emotion regulation were examined by means of the Pulkkinen Aggression Machine (PAM) task. In the PAM, provocation and response were systematically varied under two conditions: the impulsive aggression condition and the controlled aggression condition. In the impulsive condition, no information about the attacker was provided, while in the controlled condition the attackers were specified in terms of sex, age, and physical strength. The task was administered to 109 children aged 8 to 13 years. Boys (n = 61) and girls (n = 48), as well as subgroups of Adjusted (n = 67) and Maladjusted (n = 26) children were compared. The results…

2016

In studying holistic face processing across the life-span there are only few attempts to separate face-specific from general aging effects. Here we used the complete design of the composite paradigm (Cheung et al., 2008) with faces and novel non-face control objects (watches) to investigate composite effects in young (18-32 years) and older adults (63-78 years). We included cueing conditions to alert using a narrow or a wide attentional focus when comparing the composite objects, and used brief and relaxed exposure durations for stimulus presentation. Young adults showed large composite effects for faces, but none for watches. In contrast, older adults showed strong composite effects for fa…

Cortical responses of infants with and without a genetic risk for dyslexia

1999

We studied auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in newborns and 6-month-old infants, about half of whom had a familial risk for dyslexia. Syllables varying in vowel duration were presented in an oddball paradigm, in which ERPs to deviating stimuli are assumed to reflect automatic change detection in the brain. The ERPs of newborns had slow positive deflections typical of their age, but significant stimulus and group effects were found only by the age of 6 months. In both groups, the responses to the deviant /ka/ were more positive than those to the standard /kaa/ stimuli, contrary to the findings of adult ERPs to duration changes. The results also suggested differences in brain activatio…

Somatosensory event-related potentials in the rabbit cerebral and cerebellar cortices: a correspondence with mismatch responses in humans.

2001

Somatosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from the cerebellar (CerCx), somatosensory (SomCx) and visual (VCx) cortices in rabbits in two stimulus conditions. In the oddball condition, airpuffs to two different locations in the rabbit's muzzle corresponded to infrequently presented deviant stimuli (oddball-deviants) interspersed with frequently presented standard stimuli. In the deviant-alone condition, deviants (alone-deviants) were presented without standards. ERPs to oddball-deviants differed significantly from those to standards in CerCx and SomCx, but not in VCx. Furthermore, some of these differences were not found between ERPs to alone-deviants and those to standards…

Dynamics of the general factor of personality: A predictor mathematical tool of alcohol misuse

2020

[EN] There are few studies developed about the general factor of personality (GFP) dynamics. This paper uses a dynamical mathematical model, the response model, to predict the short-term effects of a dose of alcohol on GFP and reports the results of an alcohol intake experiment. The GFP dynamical mechanism of change is based on the unique trait personality theory (UTPT). This theory proposes the existence of GFP, which occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality. An experiment with 37 volunteers was performed. All the participants completed The five-adjective scale of the general factor of personality (GFP-FAS) in trait-format (GFP-T) and state-format (GFP-S) before alcohol consumptio…

Chapter 1 Pain and hyperalgesia: definitions and theories

2006

Publisher Summary This chapter describes pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It reflects the first-person perspective of pain: “pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience.” “Nociception” is a term that may more adequately reflect these aspects of pain sensation. The chapter reviews that the adequate stimulus to activate the receptive organs of the nociceptive system consists of either actual or potential tissue damage. But not all noxious stimuli are detected by the nociceptive system. Therefore, the adequate stimulus for this system in the strict sense is that subset of noxious stimuli that can be encoded by …

451 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL STIMULUS PARAMETERS OF CONDITIONING STIMULATION AFFECT THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF HUMAN PAIN PLASTICITY

2007

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of plants extract

2019

Inflammation is an adaptive response triggered by noxious stimuli and conditions such as infection and tissue injury [...]

Modeling the insect mushroom bodies: application to a delayed match-to-sample task.

2013

Despite their small brains, insects show advanced capabilities in learning and task solving. Flies, honeybees and ants are becoming a reference point in neuroscience and a main source of inspiration for autonomous robot design issues and control algorithms. In particular, honeybees demonstrate to be able to autonomously abstract complex associations and apply them in tasks involving different sensory modalities within the insect brain. Mushroom Bodies (MBs) are worthy of primary attention for understanding memory and learning functions in insects. In fact, even if their main role regards olfactory conditioning, they are involved in many behavioral achievements and learning capabilities, as …