Search results for "Structure and function"
showing 10 items of 38 documents
A high incidence of meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin is not associated with substantial pachytene loss in heterozygous male mice carrying mu…
2009
Meiosis is a complex type of cell division that involves homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation. When any of these processes is altered, cellular checkpoints arrest meiosis progression and induce cell elimination. Meiotic impairment is particularly frequent in organisms bearing chromosomal translocations. When chromosomal translocations appear in heterozygosis, the chromosomes involved may not correctly complete synapsis, recombination, and/or segregation, thus promoting the activation of checkpoints that lead to the death of the meiocytes. In mammals and other organisms, the unsynapsed chromosomal regions are subject to a process called meiotic silencing of…
Molecular Basis of Hereditary C1q Deficiency
1998
Abstract Complete selective deficiencies of the complement component C1q are rare genetic disorders which are associated with recurrent infections and a high prevalence of lupus erythematosus-like symptoms. The improvements in molecular biology techniques have facilitated the analysis of such genetic defects to a great extend. To date the basis of C1q deficiencies from 13 families have been studied at the genetic level. In each case single base mutations leading to either termination codons, frame shift or amino acid exchanges were thought to be responsible for these defects as no other aberrations were found. In addition to DNA analysis, conventional immunochemical and biochemical methods …
Long-Term Structural and Functional Myocardial Adaptations in Healthy Living Kidney Donors: A Pilot Study
2015
Background and Aims Compensatory renal hypertrophy following unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) occurs in the remaining kidney. However, the long-Term cardiac adaptive process to UNX remains poorly defined in humans. Our goal was to characterize myocardial structure and function in living kidney donors (LKDs), approximately 12 years after UNX. Methods and Results Cardiac function and structure in 15 Italian LKDs, at least 5 years after UNX (median time from donation = 8.4 years) was investigated and compared to those of age and sex matched U.S. citizens healthy controls (n = 15). Standard and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) was performed in both LKDs and controls. Plasma angiotensin II, a…
Site-specific incorporation of perylene into an N-terminally modified light-harvesting complex II.
2010
Employing the utility of the native chemical ligation, site-specific attachment of an ultrastable perylene dye to a derivative of the major light-harvesting complex (LHCII) was demonstrated. Biochemical analysis of the conjugate indicated that the structure and function of LHCII remain largely unaffected by the N-terminal modification.
Understanding and Controlling Food Protein Structure and Function in Foods: Perspectives from Experiments and Computer Simulations
2020
The structure and interactions of proteins play a critical role in determining the quality attributes of many foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical products. Incorporating a multiscale understanding of the structure–function relationships of proteins can provide greater insight into, and control of, the relevant processes at play. Combining data from experimental measurements, human sensory panels, and computer simulations through machine learning allows the construction of statistical models relating nanoscale properties of proteins to the physicochemical properties, physiological outcomes, and tastes of foods. This review highlights several examples of advanced computer simulations at mol…
Parvovirus induced alterations in nuclear architecture and dynamics.
2009
The nucleus of interphase eukaryotic cell is a highly compartmentalized structure containing the three-dimensional network of chromatin and numerous proteinaceous subcompartments. DNA viruses induce profound changes in the intranuclear structures of their host cells. We are applying a combination of confocal imaging including photobleaching microscopy and computational methods to analyze the modifications of nuclear architecture and dynamics in parvovirus infected cells. Upon canine parvovirus infection, expansion of the viral replication compartment is accompanied by chromatin marginalization to the vicinity of the nuclear membrane. Dextran microinjection and fluorescence recovery after ph…
Über den Zusammenhang zwischen histologischer Struktur und funktionellem Verhalten des Skelettmuskels
1956
A stimultaneous investigation of the function and the histological structure of two different muscles of the rat showed no relation between the arrangement of the fibrilles in the muscle cell and the function of the muscle. Such a relation between structure and function was assumed byKruger on the basis of histological investigations, but our findings do not support this hypothesis.
Aquatic ecotoxicology: On the problems of extrapolation from laboratory experiments with individuals and populations to community effects in the field
1991
Abstract 1. 1. Ecotoxicology is defined as the study of the effect of toxicants on structure and function of ecosystems. 2. 2. Properties of individuals and populations in laboratory experiments differ from those in the field with respect to distribution in space and time as well as to genetic structure. 3. 3. Studies of community response can only be extrapolated to other systems if they include the analysis of the causal chain. 4. 4. Causal explanations require a system analysis at different trophic levels as well as a modelling of the system and an analysis of sensitivity. 5. 5. A research project is presented which covers most of the suggested problems.
A new automated plunger for cryopreparation of proteins in defined - even oxygen free - atmospheres
2009
We study the structure and function of hemocyanins. They are giant extracellular oxygen carriers in the hemolymph of many molluscs and arthropods. Since some of these blue, copper-containing proteins show the highest cooperativity in nature (h = 10), one of our goals is to understand the chemomechanical interaction between the different substructures during allosteric oxygen binding.
Disentangling the complexity of low complexity proteins
2020
Abstract There are multiple definitions for low complexity regions (LCRs) in protein sequences, with all of them broadly considering LCRs as regions with fewer amino acid types compared to an average composition. Following this view, LCRs can also be defined as regions showing composition bias. In this critical review, we focus on the definition of sequence complexity of LCRs and their connection with structure. We present statistics and methodological approaches that measure low complexity (LC) and related sequence properties. Composition bias is often associated with LC and disorder, but repeats, while compositionally biased, might also induce ordered structures. We illustrate this dichot…