Search results for "Styrene"

showing 10 items of 561 documents

The Impact of Candle Burning During All Saints’ Day Ceremonies on Ambient Alkyl-Substituted Benzene Concentrations

2013

Research findings concerning benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene, meta-, para- and ortho-xylene as well as styrene (BTEXS) emission at public cemeteries during All Saints’ Day are presented here. Tests were carried out at town-located cemeteries in Opole and Grodków (southern Poland) and, as a benchmark, at the centres of those same towns. The purpose of the study was to estimate BTEXS emissions caused by the candle burning and, equally important to examine, whether emissions generated by the tested sources were similar to the BTEXS emissions generated by road transport. During the festive period, significant increases in benzene concentrations, by 200 % and 144 %, were noted at the cemeteries …

Health Toxicology and MutagenesisToxicologyArticleStyreneCandle burningBurning candlesRoad transportchemistry.chemical_compoundHumansSaintsBenzeneAlkylHolidaysCemeterychemistry.chemical_classificationAir PollutantsBenzeneEnvironmental ExposureGeneral MedicineEnvironmental exposureToluenePollutionAmbient airBTEXSchemistryEnvironmental chemistryPassive samplersPolandTolueneBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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Pd nanoparticles formation inside porous polymeric scaffolds followed by in situ XANES/SAXS

2015

International audience; Simultaneous time-resolved SAXS and XANES techniques were employed to follow in situ the formation of Pd nanoparticles from palladium acetate precursor in two porous polymeric supports: polystyrene (PS) and poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) (P4VP). In this study we have investigated the effect of the use of different reducing agents (H-2 and CO) from the gas phase. These results, in conjunction with data obtained by diffuse reflectance IR (DRIFT) spectroscopy and TEM measurements, allowed us to unravel the different roles played by gaseous H-2 and CO in the formation of the Pd nanoparticles for both PS and P4VP hosting scaffolds

HistoryMaterials scienceAbsorption spectroscopyNanoparticlechemistry.chemical_elementreduction02 engineering and technologypolystyrene010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesEducationP4VPchemistry.chemical_compoundPdPd nanoparticles formation inside porous polymeric scaffoldspaladumchemistry.chemical_classification[PHYS]Physics [physics]Small-angle X-ray scatteringnanoparticlein situSAXS XANES Pd paladum nanoparticle polystyrene P4VP DRIFT TEM reduction in situSAXSPolymer021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyXANESXANES0104 chemical sciencesComputer Science ApplicationsCrystallographyDRIFTchemistryChemical engineeringTEMPolystyreneDiffuse reflection0210 nano-technologyPalladium
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C,N-chelated dicyclopentadienylzirconium complexes and their possible use as hydrogenation catalysts

2010

Abstract In situ generated Cp2Zr(n-Bu)Cl (6) reacts with {2-[(CH3)2NCH2]C6H4}2Pb to form exclusively {2-[(CH3)2NCH2]C6H4}Cp2ZrCl (7), [(CH3)2NCH2]C6H5, butene and elemental lead. The further derivatization of chloride (7) to fluoride (8), hydride (9), methyl derivative (10), and a reduction of 7 are also described. The crystal structures of 7–10 were determined. The catalytic activity of 9 and 10 in hydrogenation of styrene was also preliminarily tested.

HydrideInorganic chemistryCrystal structureMedicinal chemistryChlorideButeneCatalysisStyreneInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundTransmetalationchemistryMaterials ChemistrymedicinePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryDerivatizationmedicine.drugInorganic Chemistry Communications
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Characterization of cell wall proteins of yeast and hydrophobic mycelial cells of Candida albicans

1991

Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of blastoconidia and blastoconidia bearing germ tubes of Candida albicans ATCC 26555 was monitored by assessing attachment of polystyrene microspheres to the cell surface, and we found that mature hyphae were significantly hydrophobic. Treatment of intact cells with low concentrations of beta-glucanase (Zymolyase 20T) or proteases abolished or significantly reduced attachment of latex beads to hyphae. This effect paralleled an obvious reduction in CSH of the entire cell population, as measured by an aqueous-hydrocarbon biphasic partitioning assay. Analysis of the cell wall material released by Zymolyase and adsorbed on polystyrene microspheres indicated tha…

HydrolasesImmunologyPopulationGerm tubeBiologyMicrobiologyBlastoconidiumFungal ProteinsCell wallCell WallCandida albicansCandida albicanseducationMercaptoethanolLatex beadsFungal proteineducation.field_of_studybiology.organism_classificationMicrospheresYeastMolecular WeightInfectious DiseasesSolubilityBiochemistryPolystyrenesParasitologyAdsorptionResearch ArticleInfection and Immunity
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Über den angriff des carboniumions am monomeren styrol bei der kationischen copolymerisation von trioxane und styrol. 19. Mitt. über polyoxymethylene

1962

Bei der Saure-katalysierten Hydrolyse von kationisch dargestellten Copolymeren aus Trioxan und Styrol entsteht 4-Phenyl-1,3-Dioxan. Das last sich nur so erklaren, das in Analogie zur radikalischen und zur anionischen Polymerisation der Angriff des Carboniumions ebenfalls am β-Kohlenstoffatom des Styrols erfolgt. Formation of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan occurs during the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of cationically produced copolymers of trioxane and styrene. The only possible explanation involves an attack of the carboniumion at the β-carbonatom of styrene analogous to the radical and anionic polymerization.

Hydrolysischemistry.chemical_compoundAnionic addition polymerizationPolymerizationTrioxaneChemistryAcid catalyzedPolymer chemistryCopolymerOrganic chemistryStyreneDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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Some new examples of cationic polymerization

1986

Preparation, proprietes et polymerisation cationique de cis et trans-methoxyvinylchlorure. Le polymere trans est surtout threodiisotactique. Copolymerisation du cis avec le trans ou le styrene ou le dioxolanene-1,3. Polymerisation de la phenyl-2 oxazoline et de la conidine

Hydrolysischemistry.chemical_compoundPolymers and PlasticsChemistryOrganic ChemistryPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryCationic polymerizationOrganic chemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsRing-opening polymerizationStyreneMakromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia
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Construction and characterization of models of hypercrosslinked polystyrene

2012

A simple algorithm involving classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is here suggested to build up models of hypercrosslinked polystyrene showing macroporous structure. The algorithm is composed by three consecutive stages: MD simulation of a single polystyrene coil, crosslink formation, and finally relaxation of the structure. The models, which are differentiated by the crosslinker concentration in the initial polystyrene chain, can be characterized by employing tools of the small angle neutron scattering analysis and procedures associated to the crosslinking algorithm, which allows one to discriminate among the different kinds of crosslinks between phenyl rings and to calculate the …

Hypercrosslinked polystyrene crosslinking degree molecular dynamicsMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsRelaxation (NMR)Substrate (chemistry)02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesSmall-angle neutron scattering0104 chemical sciencesCharacterization (materials science)chemistry.chemical_compoundMolecular dynamicsColloid and Surface ChemistryChemical engineeringchemistryPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryPolystyrenePhysical and Theoretical Chemistry0210 nano-technologySIMPLE algorithmMacromoleculeColloid and Polymer Science
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Kinetics of Anionic Living Copolymerization of Isoprene and Styrene Using in Situ NIR Spectroscopy: Temperature Effects on Monomer Sequence and Morph…

2019

The living anionic copolymerization of isoprene (I) and styrene (S) can afford a variety of different polymer microstructures that strongly depend on experimental parameters such as solvent, counte...

In situchemistry.chemical_classificationPolymers and PlasticsOrganic ChemistryKineticsChemie02 engineering and technologyPolymer540010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPhotochemistry01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesStyreneInorganic ChemistrySolventchemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerchemistryMaterials ChemistryCopolymer0210 nano-technologyIsopreneMacromolecules
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Styrene Metabolism, Genotoxicity, and Potential Carcinogenicity

2006

This report reviews styrene biotransformation, including minor metabolic routes, and relates metabolism to the genotoxic effects and possible styrene-related carcinogenicity. Styrene is shown to require metabolic activation in order to become notably genotoxic and styrene 7,8-oxide is shown to contribute quantitatively by far the most (in humans more than 95%) to the genotoxicity of styrene, while minor ring oxidation products are also shown to contribute to local toxicities, especially in the respiratory system. Individual susceptibility depending on metabolism polymorphisms and individual DNA repair capacity as well as the dependence of the nonlinearity of the dose-response relationships …

Individual susceptibilityDNA repairStyrene metabolismDNAMetabolismBiologymedicine.disease_causeStyrenesStyreneDNA Adductschemistry.chemical_compoundBiochemistrychemistryBiotransformationCarcinogensmedicineAnimalsHumansPharmacology (medical)General Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsBiotransformationGenotoxicityCarcinogenDNA DamageMutagensDrug Metabolism Reviews
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Determination of phenolic antioxidants additives in industrial wastewater from polypropylene production using solid phase extraction with high-perfor…

2019

Abstract This paper describes a new method for the effective extraction of the residues of five synthetic phenolic antioxidants (AOs): Ditertbutylphenol (DTF), Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076, Ethanox 330 and Cyanox 1790, from industrial water produced during the polypropylene (PP) deodorization process. In the deordorization process, PP is stored in a column for an average time of four hours and exposed to nitrogen and water vapor to remove inflammable compounds which may generate atypical odors in the PP. The samples of interest were taken in the desorber, followed by cleansing and pre-concentration using modified styrene divinylbenzene polymer cartridges. Liquid chromatography was performed w…

Industrial WasteWastewater010402 general chemistryPolypropylenes01 natural sciencesBiochemistryHigh-performance liquid chromatographyAntioxidantsAnalytical ChemistryStyreneIndustrial wastewater treatmentchemistry.chemical_compoundPhenolsLimit of DetectionSolid phase extractionChromatography High Pressure LiquidDetection limitChromatographyChemistry010401 analytical chemistryOrganic ChemistryExtraction (chemistry)Solid Phase ExtractionReproducibility of ResultsGeneral MedicineContaminationDivinylbenzene0104 chemical sciencesCalibrationWater Pollutants ChemicalJournal of chromatography. A
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