Search results for "Subunit"
showing 10 items of 513 documents
Pancreatic ascites hemoglobin contributes to the systemic response in acute pancreatitis.
2015
Upon hemolysis extracellular hemoglobin causes oxidative stress and cytotoxicity due to its peroxidase activity. Extracellular hemoglobin may release free hemin, which increases vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment, and adhesion molecule expression. Pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid is reddish and may contain extracellular hemoglobin. Our aim has been to determine the role of extracellular hemoglobin in the local and systemic inflammatory response during severe acute pancreatitis in rats. To this end we studied taurocholate-induced necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. First, extracellular hemoglobin in ascites and plasma was quantified and the hemolytic action of ascitic fluid was …
A Novel Deletion in the Thyrotropin Beta-Subunit Gene Identified by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Causes Central Congenital Hypoth…
2014
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Isolated central congenital hypothyroidism (ICCH) is rare but important. Most ICCH patients are diagnosed later, which results in severe growth failure and intellectual disability. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We describe a boy with ICCH due to a large homozygous <i>TSHβ </i>gene deletion. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A 51-day-old male Turkish infant, whose parents were first cousins, was admitted for evaluation of prolonged jaundice. His clinical appearance was compatible with hypothyroidism. Venous thyrotropin (TSH) was undetectably low, with a subsequent low free T4 and a low free T3, sugg…
2-Methoxyestradiol confers neuroprotection and inhibits a maladaptive HIF-1α response after traumatic brain injury in mice
2014
HIF-1α is pivotal for cellular homeostasis in response to cerebral ischemia. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α may reduce secondary brain damage by targeting post-translational mechanisms associated with its proteasomal degradation and nuclear translocation. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), the involved HIF-1α-dependent response, and alternative splicing in exon 14 of HIF-1α (HIF-1α∆Ex14) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Intraperitoneal 2ME2 administration 30 min after TBI caused a dose-dependent reduction in secondary brain damage after 24 h. 2ME2 was physiologically tolerated, showed no effects on immune cell brain migration, and …
HIF-1α and HIF-2α Are Differentially Regulated In vivo in Neuroblastoma: High HIF-1α Correlates Negatively to Advanced Clinical Stage and Tumor Vascu…
2009
Abstract Purpose: Hypoxia is considered to be a major driving force behind tumor angiogenesis. The stabilization and activation at hypoxia of the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α and the concomitant induction of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other proangiogenic factors provide a molecular frame for hypoxia-driven tumor angiogenesis. This study has investigated how HIF and VEGF protein levels relate to each other with regard to vascularization, tumor stage, and overall survival in neuroblastoma. Experimental Design: Tissue cores taken from tumor specimens representing 93 children with neuroblastoma were arranged on a microarray and stained for HIF-1α,…
Lactate: mirror and motor of tumor malignancy
2004
A number of studies have shown that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in glycolytic flux and in anaerobic and aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging in various primary carcinomas in patients (uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, we showed that lactate concentrations in tumors in vivo can be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 micromol/g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion. In all tumor entities investigated, high concentrations of lactate were correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis already in an early stage of the disease. Low lactate tum…
Atrial fibrillation is associated with cardiac hypoxia.
2008
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common human arrhythmia, is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality and may be promoted by selective atrial ischemia and atrial fibrosis. Consequently, we investigated markers for hypoxia and angiogenesis in AF. METHODS: Right atrial appendages (n=158) were grouped according to heart rhythm [sinus rhythm (SR) or AF]. The degree of fibrosis and microvessel density of all patients were determined morphometrically using Sirius-Red- and CD34/CD105-stained sections, respectively. Next, sections (n=77) underwent immunostaining to detect hypoxia- and angiogenesis-related proteins [hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1 alpha, HIF2 alpha, vascular…
Stage-Specific Transcription Factors Drive Astrogliogenesis by Remodeling Gene Regulatory Landscapes.
2017
Summary A broad molecular framework of how neural stem cells are specified toward astrocyte fate during brain development has proven elusive. Here we perform comprehensive and integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses to delineate gene regulatory programs that drive the developmental trajectory from mouse embryonic stem cells to astrocytes. We report molecularly distinct phases of astrogliogenesis that exhibit stage- and lineage-specific transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures with unique primed and active chromatin regions, thereby revealing regulatory elements and transcriptional programs underlying astrocyte generation and maturation. By searching for transcription factors that …
Glutathionyl-biliverdin IXα, a new heme catabolite in a marine annelid: Sex and cell specific accumulation.
2011
Abstract We have isolated and characterized the green pigment accumulating in coelomic cells (eleocytes) of the common clam worm Nereis virens by means of RP-HPLC and ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. This pigment is a novel biliverdin-glutathione conjugate in which the glutathione is linked to the biliverdin-backbone via a thioether bond. The yolk precursor vitellogenin, a female-specific high-density lipoprotein ( ρ = 1179 kg/m 3 ) with a native molecular mass of ∼500 kDa and a subunit mass of ∼150 kDa, is capable of transporting this pigment as well as heme. The sex-independent large discoidal lipoprotein present in the coelomic fluid, which is sequestered by the eleocytes, could also be sh…
A new heterozygous mutation (L338N) in the human Gsalpha (GNAS1) gene as a cause for congenital hypothyroidism in Albright's hereditary osteodystroph…
2003
OBJECTIVE: To identify the molecular defect by which psychomotor retardation is caused in two brothers with congenital hypothyroidism who received adequate treatment with l-thyroxine. CASE REPORT: A six-year-old boy presented with psychomotor retardation and congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH). The patient had a normal blood thyrotrophin (TSH) level on neonatal screening, but low total serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations prompting thyroid hormone substitution shortly after birth. Nevertheless, psychomotor development was retarded and the patient underwent further investigation. Typical features of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) such as round face, obesity, and…
Boy with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a caused byGNASgene mutation (deltaN377), Crouzon-like craniosynostosis, and severe trauma-induced bleeding
2009
We report on a 6-month-old boy with craniosynostosis, pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP1A), and a GNAS gene mutation. He had synostoses of the coronal, frontal, and sagittal sutures, brachyturricephaly, and hydrocephaly. He also had congenital hypothyroidism, round face, full cheeks, shortness of limbs, mild developmental delay, and muscular hypotonia. Because of progressive hydrocephaly, the synostosis was corrected surgically but circulatory decompensation led to disseminated intravascular coagulation and cerebral infarctions. Our patient died 8 days later. Postmortem molecular studies of GNAS, the gene for guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide (ge…