Search results for "Superoxide"

Cognitive correlates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study in Italy.

2014

Background There is less data available regarding the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a population-based series. Methodology Patients with ALS incident in Piemonte, Italy, between 2009 and 2011 underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery. Cognitive status was classified as follows: normal cognition, frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD), executive cognitive impairment (ALS-ECI), non-executive cognitive impairment (ALS-NECI), behavioural impairment (ALS-Bi), non-classifiable cognitive impairment. We also assessed 127 age-matched and gender-matched controls identified through patients’ general practitioners. Results Out of the …

Some glutathione-related enzymic activities in skeletal muscle and myocardium of the rat : adaptations to endurance training

1991

Acute ammonia intoxication induces an NMDA receptor-mediated increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase level and NAD+ metabolism in nuclei of rat brain…

2004

Acute ammonia toxicity is mediated by excessive activation of NMDA receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors leads to activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) which mediates NMDA excitotoxicity. PARP is activated following DNA damage and may lead to cell death via NAD+ and ATP depletion. The aim of the present work was to assess whether acute ammonia intoxication in vivo leads to increased PARP in brain cells nuclei and to altered NAD+ and superoxide metabolism and the contribution of NMDA receptors to these alterations. Acute ammonia intoxication increases PARP content twofold in brain cells nuclei.NAD+ content decreased by 55% in rats injected with ammonia. This was not due to decre…

Effects of a nitrate-free interval on tolerance, vasoconstrictor sensitivity and vascular superoxide production

2000

Abstract OBJECTIVES In the present study, we tested whether a nitrate-free interval is able to prevent increases in vascular superoxide (O2•−) and the development of hypersensitivity to vasoconstrictors and whether this may result in restoration of vascular nitroglycerin (NTG) sensitivity. BACKGROUND Intermittent NTG-patch treatment (12 h patch on/patch off) has been shown to increase ischemic periods in patients with stable coronary arteries, suggesting a rebound-like situation during the patch-off period. Recently, we demonstrated that long-term treatment with NTG induces tolerance, which was in part related to increases in vascular O2•− and increased vasoconstrictor sensitivity. METHODS …

Tissue antioxidant status differs in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed fish protein or casein

2003

The present study was designed to determine whether changes in dietary protein source are related to changes in antioxidant status determined by enzyme activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthatione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and gluthatione reductase (GSSG-Red) and lipid peroxidation levels in various tissues. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; 5 wk old) were fed diets containing 20% casein or fish protein for 2 mo. Feeding the fish protein diet lowered blood pressure and reduced plasma total cholesterol levels and SOD activity in all tissues except muscle compared with the casein diet. Feeding fish protein also enhanced GSH level and GSH-Px activity in liver and heart, accomp…

Differential effects of diabetes on the expression of the gp91phox homologues nox1 and nox4.

2004

The nox2-dependent NADPH oxidase was shown to be a major superoxide source in vascular disease, including diabetes. Smooth muscle cells of large arteries lack the phagocytic gp91phox subunit of the enzyme; however, two homologues have been identified in these cells, nox1 and nox4. It remained to be established whether also increases in protein levels of the nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase contribute to increased superoxide formation in diabetic vessels. To investigate changes in the expression of these homologues, we measured their expression in aortic vessels of type I diabetic rats. Eight weeks after streptozotocin treatment, we found a doubling in nox1 protein expression, while the expressio…

Role of mitochondrial oxidative stress to explain the different longevity between genders. Protective effect of estrogens

2006

Females live longer than males. Work from our laboratory has shown that this may be due to the up-regulation of longevity-associated genes by estrogens. Estrogens bind to the estrogen receptors and subsequently activate the mitogen activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathways, resulting in an up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. Estrogen administration, however, has serious undesirable effects and of course, cannot be administered to males because of its powerful feminizing effects. Thus, we tested the effect of genistein, a phytoestrogen of high nutritional importance whose structure is similar to estradiol, on the regulation of the expression of antioxidant, lo…

Protection against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colonic inflammation in mice by the marine products bolinaquinone and petrosaspongioli…

2005

Proinflammatory mediators, namely eicosanoids, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cytokines, are clearly involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal bowel disease. bolinaquinone (BQ) and petrosaspongiolide M (PT), two marine products with potent anti-inflammatory action, have been shown to control the production of mediators in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Hence, we have tested here the hypothesis that BQ and PT could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in Balb/c mice. BQ and PT were given orally in doses of 10 or 20mg/kg/day. Treatment of the animals with BQ or PT at the highest dose signifi…

Abnormalities of mitochondrial functioning can partly explain the metabolic disorders encountered in sarcopenic gastrocnemius.

2007

International audience; Aging triggers several abnormalities in muscle glycolytic fibers including increased proteolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Since the mitochondria are the main site of substrate oxidation, ROS production and programmed cell death, we tried to know whether the cellular disorders encountered in sarcopenia are due to abnormal mitochondrial functioning. Gastrocnemius mitochondria were extracted from adult (6 months) and aged (21 months) male Wistar rats. Respiration parameters, opening of the permeability transition pore and ROS production, with either glutamate (amino acid metabolism) or pyruvate (glucose metabolism) as a respiration substr…

Nebivolol inhibits superoxide formation by NADPH oxidase and endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-treated rats.

2006

Nebivolol is a β 1 -receptor antagonist with vasodilator and antioxidant properties. Because the vascular NADPH oxidase is an important superoxide source, we studied the effect of nebivolol on endothelial function and NADPH oxidase activity and expression in the well-characterized model of angiotensin II–induced hypertension. Angiotensin II infusion (1 mg/kg per day for 7 days) caused endothelial dysfunction in male Wistar rats and increased vascular superoxide as detected by lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence, as well as dihydroethidine staining. Vascular NADPH oxidase activity, as well as expression at the mRNA and protein level, were markedly upregulated, as well as NOS III uncoupled, …