Search results for "Survival"
showing 10 items of 3291 documents
Melanoma of unknown primary: New perspectives for an old story
2021
Melanoma of unknown primary site (MUP) comprises 3-4 % of all melanomas. It mostly presents in lymph nodes (LNs), followed by subcutaneous sites, and visceral organs; nevertheless, there is a trend of increase in the relative incidence of visceral counterpart in recent years. Spontaneous regression of the primary lesion is a well-established theory, based on the evidence that melanoma can undergo regression at the primary site. MUP and stage-matched melanoma of known primary site (MKP) share similar prognostic factors. The survival rate of patients with MUP has been compared to those with stage-matched MKP. Multiple studies conducted before the era of novel therapy with immune checkpoint or…
Circulating programmed death ligand-1 (cPD-L1) in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC)
2018
// Silvia Vecchiarelli 1, * , Francesco Passiglia 2, * , Armida D’Incecco 3, * , Marianna Gallo 4 , Antonella De Luca 4 , Elisa Rossi 5 , Federica D’Inca 1 , Gabriele Minuti 1 , Lorenza Landi 1 , Chiara Bennati 1 , Michela Spreafico 1 , Manolo D’Arcangelo 1 , Valentina Mazza 1 , Nicola Normanno 4 and Federico Cappuzzo 1 1 Department of Oncology and Hematology, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy 2 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 3 Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy 4 Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy 5 Fond…
Pivotal roles of glycogen synthase-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma
2017
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and represents the second most frequently cancer and third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. At advanced stage, HCC is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and with very limited response to common therapies. Therefore, there is still the need for new effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategies. Molecular-targeted therapies hold promise for HCC treatment. One promising molecular target is the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The roles of GSK-3β in HCC remain controversial, several studies suggested a possible role of GSK-3β as a tumor …
Tumor infiltration by Tbet+ effector T cells and CD20+ B cells is associated with survival in gastric cancer patients
2016
International audience; Tumor-infiltrating T and B lymphocytes could have the potential to affect cancer prognosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor infiltration by CD8 and CD4 T cells, and B lymphocytes in patients with localized gastric cancer. In a retrospective cohort of 82 patients with localized gastric cancer and treated by surgery we quantitatively assessed by immunohistochemistry on surgical specimen, immune infiltrates of IL-17(+), CD8(+), Foxp3(+), Tbet(+) T cells and CD20(+) B cells both in the tumor core and at the invasive margin via immunohistochemical analyses of surgical specimens. We observed that CD8(+) and IL17(+) T-cell…
Actinin-4 splice variant - a complementary diagnostic and prognostic marker of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
2019
Introduction: For pathological diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) the routinely used immunohistochemical markers are chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syn). Their ability as prognostic markers is not well established. A splice variant of actinin-4 (Actn-4sv) was recently found to be an excellent biomarker of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung. We aimed to investigate the expression of Actn-4sv in pNENs and evaluate its quality as a biomarker of pNENs. Methods: Paraffin-embedded and frozen tissues specimens from 122 pNENs were analyzed. Western blots were performed to prove and compare the relative amount of Actn-4sv expression in pNENs tissue homogenates. For c…
Changes in life expectancy for cancer patients over time since diagnosis
2019
Highlights • Research question: how cancer impacts on LE changes during patients’ entire life • LE increased in patients surviving the first years and decreasing thereafter. • Patients’ LE in the end approached but seldom reached the general population’s LE. • This method describes when cancer survivors’ excess risk of death became negligible. • Life expectancy indicator is easy to be understood and interpreted by patients.
(+)-Pentazocine reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in microglia following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury
2016
Abstract Background Sigma-1 receptors (σ 1 R) are highly expressed in neurons as well as microglia and have been shown to modulate the inflammatory response in the central nervous system and thus may serve as possible target for neuroprotective strategies. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of (+)-pentazocine, a putative σ 1 R agonist, in an in vitro model of microglia activation. Methods Microglia (BV2 cells) was exposed (3 h) to 1% oxygen and reoxygenation was allowed for 24 h. Cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 10, 25 and 50 μM) of (+)-pentazocine in the presence or absence of NE-100 (1 μM), a well established σ 1 R antagonist. Cell viability and apopto…
Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells by Novel Artemisinin-, Egonol-, and Thymoquinone-Derived Hybrid Compounds
2018
Two major obstacles for successful cancer treatment are the toxicity of cytostatics and the development of drug resistance in cancer cells during chemotherapy. Acquired or intrinsic drug resistance is responsible for almost 90% of treatment failure. For this reason, there is an urgent need for new anticancer drugs with improved efficacy against cancer cells, and with less toxicity on normal cells. There are impressive examples demonstrating the success of natural plant compounds to fight cancer, such as Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and anthracyclines. Artesunic acid (ARTA), a drug for malaria treatment, also exerts cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells. Multidrug resistance often results fro…
Chemoresistance and chemosensitization in cholangiocarcinoma
2017
One of the main difficulties in the management of patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is their poor response to available chemotherapy. This is the result of powerful mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) of quite diverse nature that usually act synergistically. The problem is often worsened by altered MOC gene expression in response to pharmacological treatment. Since CCA includes a heterogeneous group of cancers their genetic signature coding for MOC genes is also diverse; however, several shared traits have been defined. Some of these characteristics are shared with other types of liver cancer, namely hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. An important goal in modern onco…
Cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants of the Kakamega County (Kenya) against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells
2018
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance The geographical location of Kakamega County proximal to the Kakamega Rain Forest in Kenya and its rich flora represents an interesting resource of traditional medicinal plants. The medicinal plants in the present study are traditionally used to treat cancer in Kakamega County as recorded in published literature. Aim of the study Due to multidrug resistance (MDR) and severe side effects of currently used drugs in clinical oncology, new candidate compounds are urgently required to improve treatment outcome. The present study explored the in vitro cytotoxic potential of 34 organic and 19 aqueous extracts of Kakamega medicinal plants towards sensitive an…