Search results for "Svalbard"
showing 10 items of 21 documents
Spatio-temporal dynamics of a small arctic hydrosystem : nivo-glaciologic approaches in a climate change context (Austre Lovén glacier, Spitsberg, 79…
2011
Leaning on long field campaigns, this thesis offer both qualitative and quantitative overview of polarregion nivo-glaciologic dynamics through a geographic approach, in context of climate change. Thiswork is part of the Hydro-sensor FlOWS program taking place during the International Polar Year.Upstream of this pluridisciplinary program aimed at understanding the hydrological processes of asmall polar hydrosystem, it was necessary to add a more specific study on the role of snow and icein the hydrological equation : this is the subject of this PhD.The glacial basin of Austre Lovénbreen (10 km2, Spitsberg – 79°N) served as a field of study in ageographical approach at local scale. Many metho…
Changes in Onset of Vegetation Growth on Svalbard, 2000–2020
2022
The global temperature is increasing, and this is affecting the vegetation phenology in many parts of the world. The most prominent changes occur at northern latitudes such as our study area, which is Svalbard, located between 76°30′N and 80°50′N. A cloud-free time series of MODIS-NDVI data was processed. The dataset was interpolated to daily data during the 2000–2020 period with a 231.65 m pixel resolution. The onset of vegetation growth was mapped with a NDVI threshold method which corresponds well with a recent Sentinel-2 NDVI-based mapping of the onset of vegetation growth, which was in turn validated by a network of in-situ phenological data from time lapse cameras. The results show th…
Data from: Ecological impact assessments of alien species in Norway
2020
Due to globalisation, trade and transport, the spread of alien species is increasing dramatically. Some alien species become ecologically harmful by threatening native biota. This can lead to irreversible changes in local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and, ultimately, to biotic homogenisation. We risk-assessed all alien plants, animals, fungi and algae, within certain delimitations, that are known to reproduce in Norway. Mainland Norway and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard plus Jan Mayen were treated as separate assessment areas. Assessments followed the Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) protocol, which uses a fully quantitative set of criteria. A tot…
Contributions of statistical modelling for the understanding of the nivo-glaciological dynamics of a small arctic glacial basin (Austre Lovén glacier…
2021
Since the middle of the 19th century, the Earth has experienced a climate shift marked by a high rise in temperature (+ 0.85 °C over the period 1880-2012). The Arctic is the region of the world that is warming the most rapidly, at a rate of 2 to 3 times faster than the global average. In this context, all components of the Arctic cryosphere are experiencing a change in their dynamics. Because of their direct links with the atmosphere, glaciers are among the best indicators of these climate variations. Like other glaciers on the globe, the glaciers of Svalbard, which cover 60% of the archipelago’s surface, have been retreating since the end of the Little Ice Age. This retreat, which is refle…
Distribution de la température et de la végétation en Baie du Rois, Svalbard (79°), mise en place d'une approche spatiale formalisée
2006
International audience; Le changement climatique est un problème majeur, surtout en Arctique. Ce constat global doit être précisé afin d'appréhender les conséquences du phénomène car son impact se module dans l'espace selon les caractéristiques propres à chaque milieu. L'aire d'étude est située au Svalbard où des données, de différentes sources, sont collectées sur le terrain. Elles sont ensuite traitées au sein d'un système d'information géographique afin de modéliser les variations spatiales à grande échelle de la température et de la végétation.
Distribution de la végétation au Svalbard
2016
International audience
Life history of an Arctic crustacean Onisimus caricus (Amphipoda: Lysianassidae) as deduced from baited trap samples taken from Adventfjorden, Svalba…
2008
A 5500-year oxygen isotope record of high arctic environmental change from southern Spitsbergen
2017
The oxygen isotope composition of chironomid head capsules in a sediment core spanning the past 5500 years from Lake Svartvatnet in southern Spitsbergen was used to reconstruct the oxygen isotope composition of lake water (δ18Olw) and local precipitation. The δ18Olw values display shifts from the baseline variability consistent with the timing of recognized historical climatic episodes, such as the Roman Warm Period, the Dark Ages Cold Period and the ‘Little Ice Age’. The highest values of the record, ca. 3‰ above modern δ18Olw values, occur at ca. 1900–1800 cal. yr BP. Three negative excursions increasing in intensity toward the present, at 3400–3200, 1250–1100, and 350–50 cal. yr BP, are…
The use of mosses in biomonitoring of selected areas In Poland and Spitsbergen in the years From 1975 to 2014
2015
Przeanalizowano historyczne zmiany stężeń metali ciężkich: Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb zakumulowanych w próbkach mchów pobieranych do badań w Polsce, na terenach leśnych Beskidów i Karkonoszy oraz w lasach północno-wschodniej części kraju, w odniesieniu do mało zanieczyszczonych obszarów Archipelagu Svalbard, którego największą wyspą jest Spitsbergen. Wyniki badań przedstawianych w literaturze uzupełniono wynikami badań własnych, prowadzonych w 2014 r. Wykazano, że spośród wymienionych obszary Beskidów oraz Karkonoszy były i są najbardziej narażone na depozycję metali ciężkich. Stwierdzono również, że na przestrzeni lat 1975-2014 nastąpiło znaczące zmniejszenie stężeń Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb w mchach p…
Music in the Dark: Soundscapes in Christiane Ritter’s A Woman in The Polar Night
2020
In A Woman in the Polar Night (Eine Frau erlebt die Polarnacht, 1938), Christiane Ritter, a well-to-do Austrian housewife, describes her experience as the first central European woman to overwinter on Svalbard (1934–35). Ritter’s prose is extraordinary in its lyrical simplicity, and in German editions the text is interspersed with her paintings of the scenes that at first were so alien and changing, yet became so familiar and loved.
 Although stationed on the north coast of Svalbard with minimal human contact and without any recourse to the music with which Ritter had been surrounded in Austria, A Woman in the Polar Night is a text that is full of references to sound, natural sounds th…