Search results for "Swine."
showing 10 items of 466 documents
Moderate controlled cortical contusion in pigs: effects on multi-parametric neuromonitoring and clinical relevance.
2004
Over the last decade, routine neuromonitoring of ICP and CPP has been extended with new on-line techniques such as microdialysis, tissue oxygen (ptiO(2)), acid-base balance (ptiCO(2), pH) and CBF measurements, which so far have not lead to clear-cut therapy approaches in the neurointensive care unit. This is partially due to the complex pathophysiology following a wide-range of brain injuries, and the lack of suitable animal models allowing simultaneous, clinically relevant neuromonitoring under controlled conditions. Therefore, a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in large animals (pig) has been developed. After placement of microdialysis, ptiO(2), temperature and ICP catheters, an uni…
Ultra-low tidal volume ventilation-A novel and effective ventilation strategy during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
2018
Abstract Background The effects of different ventilation strategies during CPR on patient outcomes and lung physiology are still poorly understood. This study compares positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) to passive oxygenation (CPAP) and a novel ultra-low tidal volume ventilation (ULTVV) regimen in an experimental ventricular fibrillation animal model. Study design Prospective randomized controlled trial. Animals 30 male German landrace pigs (16–20 weeks). Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced in anesthetized and instrumented pigs and the animals were randomized into three groups. Mechanical CPR was initiated and ventilation was either provided by means of standard IPPV (RR: 10/min,…
Use of an inspiratory impedance threshold valve during chest compressions without assisted ventilation may result in hypoxaemia
2007
Although the concept of intermittent airway occlusion with the inspiratory impedance threshold valve (ITV) is a well-recognised strategy for improving efficiency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), little is known about possible pulmonary side effects.After a baseline chest CT-scan, 24 pigs with beating hearts undergoing apnoeic oxygenation received an injection of a contrast medium and were then assigned randomly to either active compression-decompression CPR with ITV (ACD ITV CPR), ACD CPR alone, or standard-CPR with ITV (standard-ITV CPR), or standard-CPR alone. After a maximum of 5 min of chest compressions or if oxygen saturation dropped below 70%, the experiment was stopped, haemo…
Neuroprotective effects of antibodies on retinal ganglion cells in an adolescent retina organ culture
2016
Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (rgc). Up- and down-regulated autoantibody immunoreactivities in glaucoma patients have been demonstrated. Previous studies showed protective effects of down-regulated antibodies [gamma (γ)-synuclein and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) on neuroretinal cells. The aim of this study was to test these protective antibody effects on rgc in an organ culture model and to get a better understanding of cell-cell interactions of the retina in the context of the protective effect. We used an adolescent retinal organ culture (pig) with an incubation time of up to 4 days. Retinal explants were…
A New Prosthetic Implant for Inguinal Hernia Repair: Its Features in a Porcine Experimental Model
2011
Even after more than 100 years of inguinal hernia repair, the rate of complications and recurrence remains unacceptably high. In the last decades, few effective advances in surgical technique and materials have been made. The authors see them as minor adjustments in the shape and materials of the prosthetic implants. Still, the underlying genesis of inguinal hernia remains undefined. Based upon this, it seems the surgical repair of inguinal protrusions cannot be based upon the pathogenesis because the etiology to date has not been addressed. Most hernia repairs are performed with some degree of point fixation (sutures/tacks) to stop the mesh from migrating and creating high recurrence rates…
Effects of the flavonol quercetin on the bioavailability of simvastatin in pigs
2009
The influence of the dietary flavonol quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin was investigated in pigs. Simvastatin (0.25mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to six pigs either without or with quercetin (10mg/kg). In addition, simvastatin was administered to three pigs that had received a diet supplemented with the flavonol over a period of 1 week. Daily quercetin intake was 10mg/kg in these animals. Co-ingestion of quercetin with the statin did not alter area under the concentration time curve (AUC(0-->infinity)), time to achieve maximum plasma concentration (t(max)) or half-life (t(1/2)) of simvastatin. However, there was a trend towards a re…
Surface Electromyography Reliably Records Electrophysiologically Evoked Internal Anal Sphincter Activity: A More Minimally Invasive Approach for Moni…
2016
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Even in the case of minimally invasive pelvic surgery, sparing of the autonomic nerve supply is a prerequisite for maintaining anal sphincter function. Internal anal sphincter (IAS) innervation could be electrophysiologically identified based on processed electromyographic (EMG) recordings with conventional bipolar needle electrodes (NE). This experimental study aimed for the development of a minimally invasive approach via intra-anal surface EMG for recordings of evoked IAS activity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Six male pigs underwent nerve-sparing low anterior rectal resection. Electric autonomic nerve stimulations were …
Pneumocyte Apoptosis Induction during Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Effective Prevention by Radical Scavenging UsingN-Acetylcysteine
2007
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest are associated with pulmonary dysfunction. We sought to investigate whether pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion during standard CPB and cardioplegic arrest is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pulmonary tissue injury and pneumocyte apoptosis induction, and whether ROS scavenging using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates these alterations. Twelve pigs (41 +/- 8 kg) were randomized to receive either NAC (100 mg/kg prior to CPB; n = 7) or placebo (n = 5) and subjected to CPB and 60 min of cold (4 degrees C) crystalloid cardioplegic arrest. We collected lung biopsies prior to CPB, at 60 min CPB, as well as at 30, 60, and 120 min…
Regulatory and academic studies to derive reference values for human health: The case of bisphenol S
2022
We would like to thank the HBM4EU team including Petra Apel (UBA), Matthieu Meslin and Christophe Rousselle (Anses) for their scientific contribution, as well as the ANSES Working Group on endocrine disruption, and its scientific Anses coordinators François Pouzaud and Sandrine Charles.; International audience; The close structural analogy of bisphenol (BP) S with BPA, a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical and a substance of very high concern in the European Union, highlights the need to assess the extent of similarities between the two compounds and carefully scrutinize BPS potential toxicity for human health. This analysis aimed to investigate human health toxicity data regarding BPS…
Innovative in Vitro Method To Predict Rate and Extent of Drug Delivery to the Brain across the Blood–Brain Barrier
2013
The relevant parameters for predicting rate and extent of access across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are fu,plasma (unbound fraction in plasma), Vu,brain (distribution volume in brain) and Kp,uu,brain (ratio of free concentrations in plasma and brain). Their estimation still requires animal studies and in vitro low throughput experiments which make difficult the screening of new CNS candidates. The aim of the present work was to develop a new whole in vitro high throughput method to predict drug rate and extent of access across the BBB. The system permits estimation of fu,plasma, Vu,brain and Kp,uu,brain in a single experimental system, using in vitro cell monolayers in different condition…