Search results for "Symbioses"
showing 4 items of 4 documents
Tradeoffs in the evolution of plant farming by ants
2020
Diverse forms of cultivation have evolved across the tree of life. Efficient farming requires that the farmer deciphers and actively promotes conditions that increase crop yield. For plant cultivation, this can include evaluating tradeoffs among light, nutrients, and protection against herbivores. It is not understood if, or how, nonhuman farmers evaluate local conditions to increase payoffs. Here, we address this question using an obligate farming mutualism between the ant Philidris nagasau and epiphytic plants in the genus Squamellaria that are cultivated for their nesting sites and floral rewards. We focused on the ants' active fertilization of their crops and their protection against he…
Evolutionary histories of symbioses between microsporidia and their amphipod hosts : contribution of studying two hosts over their geographic ranges.
2019
Title: Evolutionary histories of symbioses between microsporidia and their amphipod hosts : contribution of studying two hosts over their geographic ranges.Keywords: Symbioses, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Amphipods, Host-Parasite, MicrosporidiaAbstract: Microsporidia are obligate endoparasites, exploiting their hosts with either vertical or horizontal transmission. While the former may promote co-speciation and host-specificity, the latter may promote shifts between host species. Freshwater amphipods are hosts for many microsporidian species, but no general pattern of host specificity and co-diversification is known.In my PhD work microsporidian infections, identified with SSU rDNA, were ass…
Les couverts végétaux. Partie 1/2 : Une pratique agroécologique au service de la vigne
2021
National audience; Les couverts végétaux sont couramment utilisés en tant que cultures intermédiaires, intégrant pleinement les plans de rotation en tant qu’interculture des cultures annuelles (ex. : céréales) et en tant que cultures intercalaires dans le cadre des cultures pérennes (ex. : vergers, vigne). Ce type de culture a fait l’objet de dénominations différentes au cours des dernières décennies comme « engrais vert », en référence à sa contribution à la fertilité des sols, ou « CIPAN » (Culture intermédiaire piège à nitrate) , et dernièrement « CIMS » (Cultures intermédiaires/intercalaires multiservices) (Justes et Richard, 2017). Les plantes de couvert sont cultivées, non pas dans un…