Search results for "Sympathetic"
showing 10 items of 219 documents
Sympathetic neural activity, metabolic parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese youths.
2017
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this cross-sectional study is to assess the cardiac autonomic neural activity in the presence of abnormally increased body weight in youths and its relationship to metabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS: Sixty-four overweight and obese patients, aged 9-17 years, of both sexes, stratified according to the international BMI cut-off, were enrolled. Continuous ECG was recorded during 15 min in resting conditions, and the heart rate variability (HRV) was measured in the time domain, frequency domain and for nonlinear dynamics. In addition, cardiometabolic risk factors and CRF in effort conditions were assessed. RESULTS: Among the over…
The Effects of Selective Stellate Ganglion Manipulation on Ventricular Refractoriness and Excitability
1992
The effects of selective stellate ganglion stimulation or stellectomy on ventricular excitability were studied in 30 open chest mongrel dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. The effective refractory period (ERP) and strength interval curves (stimulus intensity [S2] = twice the diastolic threshold [ERP], and 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14 mA) were determined using bipolar epicardial electrodes placed in the mid-anterior wall of the right ventricle (RV) and the mid-posterolateral wall of the left ventricle (LV) during left stellate ganglion stimulation (LSGSt, n = 8) or right stellate ganglion stimulation (RSGSt, n = 8), or after left stellectomy (LSGEx, n = 7) or right stellectomy (RSGEx, n = 7). LSG…
Does sympathetic overactivation feature all hypertensives? Differences of sympathovagal balance according to night/day blood pressure ratio in patien…
2015
When evaluating the 'night/day BP ratio', both hypertensives and normotensives can be arbitrarily classified into four groups: extreme dippers (ratio ⩽0.8), dippers (0.8<ratio ⩽0.9), mild dippers (0.9<ratio⩽1.0) and reverse dippers (ratio ⩾1.0). Reverse and mild dipper hypertensives have poorer prognoses compared with the physiological dipper profile, but the prognostic relevance of the extreme dipper profile remains uncertain. The evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV), obtained by 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, is the most frequently used noninvasive form of assessment of the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Reverse and mild dipper hypertensives have reduced HRV, indicating an o…
Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the "Budapest Criteria") for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
2010
Current IASP diagnostic criteria for CRPS have low specificity, potentially leading to overdiagnosis. This validation study compared current IASP diagnostic criteria for CRPS to proposed new diagnostic criteria (the "Budapest Criteria") regarding diagnostic accuracy. Structured evaluations of CRPS-related signs and symptoms were conducted in 113 CRPS-I and 47 non-CRPS neuropathic pain patients. Discriminating between diagnostic groups based on presence of signs or symptoms meeting IASP criteria showed high diagnostic sensitivity (1.00), but poor specificity (0.41), replicating prior work. In comparison, the Budapest clinical criteria retained the exceptional sensitivity of the IASP criteria…
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
2013
Because of new evidence on several diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of hypertension, the present guidelines differ in many respects from the previous ones. Some of the most important differences are listed below: 1. Epidemiological data on hypertension and BP control in Europe. 2. Strengthening of the prognostic value of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and of its role for diagnosis and management of hypertension, next to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). 3. Update of the prognostic significance of night-time BP, white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension. 4. Re-emphasis on integration of BP, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, asymptomatic organ damage (OD) and clinica…
Noradrenergic innervation of the pineal gland — histochemical basis of scintigraphic imaging?
1987
There is first evidence that the adult human pineal gland may be equipped with noradrenergic fibers as is the case in a variety of mammalian species. It therefore appears worthwhile to investigate the capacity of pineal noradrenergic nerves to take up 123I-MIBG, a prerequisite for scintigraphic imaging.
Effects of chemical and surgical ganglionectomy on electrical activity of the pineal gland of male rats.
1986
In order to elucidate further the role of sympathetic innervation for pineal function, the influence of sympathectomy on the spontaneous electrical activity of single cells in the pineal gland of adult male rats was investigated. Extracellular single-unit recordings were made during nighttime in the pineal gland of urethane-anesthetized, blinded adult male rats that had been treated neonatally with 6-hydroxydopamine, or that were ganglionectomized either during, or 12-16 h or 36-40 h, prior to the recording experiment. These experiments revealed that the excitatory influence of the sympathetic system on pineal nocturnal electrical activity can be abolished by either chemical sympathectomy o…
Treatment with phenoxybenzamine of upper urinary tract complications caused by intravesical obstruction.
1975
Five children in whom reflux and progressive hydronephrosis persisted despite multiple surgical attempts or repair are described. In all cases cystomanometry displayed a marked elevation of the bladder outlet resistance combined with high intravesical pressure values. Therapy with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was successful in all cases, restoring a free urine passage of the upper urinary tract and unimpaired voiding preventing urinary diversion which has been considered in some of these children. Although there were no signs of bladder neuropathy, a hyperfunction of the sympathetic innervation as acause for bladder complications is discussed.
Chronic psychosocial stress and antidepressant treatment in tree shrews: time-dependent behavioral and endocrine effects.
1999
Abstract Social defeat has been shown to cause a number of behavioral, physiological, and central nervous changes in male tree shrews. The present study was designed to assess: (i) a potential time lag in the occurrence of behavioral alterations (locomotor activity, self-grooming, marking behavior, food and water intake, and avoidance behavior) after stress and long-term antidepressant treatment; and (ii) to investigate potential interactions between behavioral and endocrine variables (urinary cortisol and norepinephrine). Male tree shrews were submitted to chronic psychosocial stress for 39 days. In this paradigm, the stress-induced behavioral and endocrine alterations in subordinate anima…
Light and drug induced changes of epiphysial synaptic ribbons.
1976
In the present investigation experiments were carried out to determine whether the functionally obscure synaptic rebbons of mammalian pinealocytes can be affected by acute changes in environmental lighting and which chemical processes may be involved in their regulation. Experiments carried out in male guinea-pigs have shown that the amounts of synaptic ribbons are immediately affected by changes in the lighting pattern. Extension of the light period reduced the normally occurring increase, whereas extension of the dark period inhibited the normally occurring decrease in the amount of synaptic ribbons. Results following injections of a number of drugs known to influence pineal function (nor…