Search results for "Sympathetic"

Sympathetic Overactivity and 24-Hour Blood Pressure Pattern in Hypertensives with Chronic Renal Failure

1995

In order to assess the activity of the sympathetic system and to evaluate the 24-h blood pressure pattern in hypertensives with chronic renal failure (CRF), 12 CRF patients and 16 essential hypertensives (EHs) were studied. In all subjects, plasma samples for catecholamines and renin activity were obtained both in the basal condition and after standing, and 24-h blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed. The 24-h mean blood pressure results were quite similar between CRFs and EHs. In 50% of the CRFs, ABPM showed a nighttime decrease in diastolic BP (DBP) greater than 10%, while in the remaining 50% the ABPM indicated a nondipper blood pressure pattern. Of the 16 EHs, 4 had a nighttime …

The interferance of muscarinic receptors with the noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings caused by nicotinic agents.

1968

ESH position paper: renal denervation - an interventional therapy of resistant hypertension

2012

Experts from the European Society of Hypertension prepared this position paper in order to summarize current evidence, unmet needs and practical recommendations on the application of percutaneous transluminal ablation of renal nerves [renal denervation (RDN)] as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of resistant hypertension. The sympathetic nervous activation to the kidney and the sensory afferent signals to the central nervous system represent the targets of RND. Clinical studies have documented that catheter-based RDN decreases both efferent sympathetic and afferent sensory nerve traffic leading to clinically meaningful systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) reductions in pa…

Patterns of sympathetic responses induced by different stress tasks.

2008

Stress tasks are used to induce sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal. However, the efficacy and the patterns of SNS activation have not been systematically compared between different tasks. Therefore, we analyzed SNS activation during the following stress tasks: Presentation of negative, positive, and – as a control – neutral affective pictures, Color-Word interference test (CWT), mental arithmetic under time limit, singing a song aloud, and giving a spontaneous talk. We examined 11 healthy subjects and recorded the following SNS parameters: Activation of emotional sweating by quantitative sudometry, skin vasoconstriction by laser-Doppler flowmetry, heart rate by ECG, blood pressure by …

2018

The influence of physical activity on brain and heart activity dependent on type and intensity of exercise is meanwhile widely accepted. Mainly cyclic exercises with longer duration formed the basis for showing the influence on either central nervous system or on heart metabolism. Effects of the variability of movement sequences on brain and heart have been studied only sparsely so far. This study investigated effects of three different motor learning approaches combined with a single bout of rope skipping exercises on the spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activity, heart rate variability (HRV) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Participants performed repetitive learnin…

0110 : Experimental cerebral ischemia in rats increases myocardial vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury ex vivo

2016

For years, the relationship between cardiac and neurological ischemic events has been mainly attributed to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and common risk factors. However, acute stroke may induce dramatic alterations of cardiovascular function. The aim of this work was to evaluate how prior cerebrovascular lesions affect myocardial function in vivo and ex vivo , as well as myocardial vulnerability to ischemic injury. Cerebral embolization was performed in adult Wistar male rats by the injection of microspheres into the left internal carotid artery. Left ventricular function, investigated in vivo using echocardiography (1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days after the embolization), was not …

Distinct Incidence of Takotsubo Syndrome Between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Synucleinopathies : A Cohort Study

2018

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute cardiac syndrome characterized by regional left ventricular dysfunction with a peculiar circumferential pattern, which typically results in apical ballooning. Evidence indicates a pivotal role of catecholamines in TTS, and researchers have discussed multiple hypotheses on the etiology, including multivessel coronary spasm, myocardial stunning, excessive transient ventricular afterload, and cardiac sympathetic overactivity with local noradrenaline spillover. Although central nervous system disorders, such as stroke and epilepsy, are known to trigger TTS, the incidence and clinical features of TTS in neurodegenerative disorders are poorly understood. Here,…

The "neurologic hypothesis": A new concept in the pathogenesis of the endometriosis?

2005

To cartograph the retroperitoneal infiltration of deep-infiltrating endometriosis of the rectovaginal space, we report on 467 patients who underwent laparoscopic/vaginal surgery for deep-infiltrating adenomyosis of the rectovaginal space. Exact localisation of the locoregional extension and of secondary infiltrating localisation where noted. The cervix and the rectovaginal ligament were mostly involved, while isolated lesions of the rectovaginal space were very rare. Comparisons of the most involved sites show an absolute correlation with the anatomical repartition of the pelvic sympathetic nervous system. We postulate a new "neurologic theory" which could be one more explanation for the de…

Frozen shoulder: a sympathetic dystrophy?

2000

Diagnostic and clinical features of the frozen shoulder syndrome and the Sudeck syndrome are similar in many aspects. Radioisotope bone scan shows an increased uptake in affected areas in both diseases, while native radiographs show a progressive demineralisation. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by quantitative digital radiography objectified these local decalcification processes in an early stage of the frozen shoulder syndrome; 10 of 12 patients with primary frozen shoulder had BMD decreases greater 21% in the humeral head of the affected shoulder compared to the non-affected side. In the immobilised control group with degenerative changes of the rotator cuff, calcifying tendini…

New developments in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension

2015

Obesity is a disorder that develops from the interaction between genotype and environment involving social, behavioral, cultural, and physiological factors. Obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, chronic kidney and pulmonary disease. Although obesity is clearly associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, many obese individuals may not develop hypertension. Protecting factors may exist and it is important to understand why obesity is not always related to hypertension. The aim of this review is to highlight the knowledge gap for the association between obesity, hypertension, and potential …