Search results for "T cell"
showing 10 items of 2228 documents
PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Gene Expression on T-Cells and Natural Killer Cells Declines in Conjunction with a Reduction in PD-1 Protein during the Intensi…
2015
Background The PD-1 axis is a cell intrinsic immunoregulatory pathway that mediates T cell exhaustion in chronic infection particularly in some viral infections. We hypothesized that PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 would be highly expressed in untreated tuberculosis patients compared to controls due to their chronic infection and would decrease with successful TB treatment. Materials and Methods Untreated tuberculosis patients (n = 26) were recruited at diagnosis and followed up during treatment. Household contacts (n = 24) were recruited to establish baseline differences. Blood gene expression ex vivo was investigated using qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to establish protein expression patter…
Diseases of the vertebral arteries.
1990
Case reports and postmortem neuropathological findings of a wide spectrum of diseases affecting the vertebral arteries, in particular vasculitis, traumatic lesions, degenerative changes and congenital abnormalities, are discussed.
Influence of Thymopentin on Antibody Response, and Monocyte and T Cell Function in Hemodialysis Patients Who Fail to Respond to Hepatitis B Vaccinati…
1990
We investigated the influence of thymopentin as an adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccination on in vitro monocyte and T cell function and in vivo antibody response in a prospective, placebo-controlled double-blind trial in 20 low- and nonresponders to hepatitis B vaccination on chronic hemodialysis. 50 mg thymopentin was given subcutaneously twice per week for 3 weeks, followed by 1 intramuscular injection of 40 micrograms HB-Vax and 3 subsequent injections of thymopentin. After 1 month, the patients were boostered with 40 micrograms HB-Vax. There was no significant difference in T cell and monocyte function after administration of thymopentin, as determined in vitro. After 3 months, 3 patients …
Multiclonal Synovial T Cell Response toYersinia enterocoliticain Reactive Arthritis: TheYersinia61-kDa Heat-Shock Protein Is Not the Major Target Ant…
1993
The T cell response to bacterial antigens plays a major role in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis (ReA) following enteric infections with Yersinia enterocolitica. To study the antigen specificity of the T cells at the site of inflammation, the response of cloned T cells from the synovial fluid of 2 patients with ReA to partially purified antigens of Yersinia enterocolitica was determined. The clones showed different patterns of response to various fractions, indicating a multiclonal response to Yersinia antigens, and these specificities differed in the 2 patients. Some T cells were specific for Y. enterocolitica; some cross-reacted with other enterobacteria. Proteins of 14 and 19 kDa c…
Predominance of Th1-type T cells in synovial fluid of patients with Yersinia-induced reactive arthritis
1992
The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of reactive arthritis and the functional capacities of synovial T cells specific for Yersinia enterocolitica are still unclear. In this study we have determined the cytokine secretion patterns of 24 CD4+ synovial fluid (SF)-derived T cell clones from 2 patients with Yersinia-induced reactive arthritis, 16 clones specific for different Yersinia antigens and 8 clones as controls. The clones specific for Yersinia antigens predominantly belong to the T helper cell 1 (Th1) subset with production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, but no IL-4, whereas SF T cells not reactive with Yersinia antigens produce IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gam…
Differentiation, phenotype, and function of interleukin-17-producing human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
2011
Abstract In healthy adults, the major peripheral blood γδ T-cell subset expresses the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR and displays pleiotropic features. Here we report that coculture of naive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with phosphoantigens and a cocktail of cytokines (IL-1-β, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23), leads to selective expression of the transcription factor RORγt and polarization toward IL-17 production. IL-17+ Vγ9Vδ2 T cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6 and produce IL-17 but neither IL-22 nor IFN-γ; they have a predominant terminally differentiated (CD27−CD45RA+) phenotype and express granzyme B, TRAIL, FasL, and CD161. On antigen activation, IL-17+ Vγ9Vδ2 T cells rapidly induce CXCL8-mediated migration and phagocy…
Investigation into mechanisms mediating the inhibitory effect of 1,4-benzodiazepines on mast cells by gene expression profiling.
2013
Abstract Aims This study aims to identify by a molecular genetic approach potential targets in mast cells at which 1,4-benzodiazepines may cause their inhibitory effect on mast cell activity. Main methods Gene expression analyses with microarray gene chip and/or quantitative PCR were performed using 1,4-benzodiazepine-treated human mast cell leukemia HMC-1.2 cells, promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and human mast cells from healthy volunteers and patients with mast cell activation disease (MCAD). Pathway analysis was applied to search for enriched biological functions and canonical pathways within differentially regulated genes. Key findings Both neoplastic and normal human mast cells expr…
Immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subset deficiency in newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
1984
Humoral and cell-mediated disorders in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes suggest that an imbalance of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets exists. In 23 newly diagnosed (onset less than 3 months) and 21 long-standing Type 1 diabetic patients, T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKM1). The newly diagnosed patients showed a reduction with a significant difference from healthy controls in total T cells (OKT3+: 58.1 +/- 8.5% versus 70.7 +/- 8.0%), helper/inducer cells (OKT4+: 33.8 +/- 7.0% versus 47.1 +/- 8.3%), suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8+: 18.5 +/- 7.3% versus 32 +/- 6.8%) and monocytes (OKM1+: 11.5 +/- 3.8% versus 19.9 +/- 5.2%) (p less than 0.…
Memory B Cell Subpopulations in the Aged
2006
The literature on immunosenescence has focused mainly on T cell impairment. With the aim of gaining insight into B cell immunosenescence, the authors investigated the serum IgD levels in 24 young and 21 old people and analyzed their relationship with the number of CD19 CD27 memory cells. Serum IgD were quantified by the use of radial immunodiffusion and the lymphocyte population CD19 CD27 was identified by a FACScan flow cytometer. Serum IgD levels were significantly lower (p 0.0001) in old subjects, and the percentage of CD19 CD27 lymphocytes were significantly increased (p 0.01) in old subjects. Finally, a significant negative correlation was found (p 0.01) between serum concentrations of…
Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis.
2008
In post-infancy, multinucleated giant cell hepatitis is rare. Various conditions and diseases associated with post-infantile giant cell hepatitis have been described, but the pathogenesis remains unknown. In this paper we review the case reports of four patients (3 male, 1 female; aged 22 to 32 years) with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. The follow-up ranges from five to seven years. All patients showed cholestasis and repeated elevation of hepatic transaminases. Patients with viral infections, metabolic disorders and toxic influences were excluded. Histopathology of liver tissue in all four patients revealed giant cell formation with up to 20 nuclei in 20-70% of al…