Search results for "TASK"
showing 10 items of 1658 documents
The Elephant in the Machine: Proposing a New Metric of Data Reliability and its Application to a Medical Case to Assess Classification Reliability
2020
In this paper, we present and discuss a novel reliability metric to quantify the extent a ground truth, generated in multi-rater settings, as a reliable basis for the training and validation of machine learning predictive models. To define this metric, three dimensions are taken into account: agreement (that is, how much a group of raters mutually agree on a single case)
Contact Estimation in Robot Interaction
2014
In the paper, safety issues are examined in a scenario in which a robot manipulator and a human perform the same task in the same workspace. During the task execution, the human should be able to physically interact with the robot, and in this case an estimation algorithm for both interaction forces and a contact point is proposed in order to guarantee safety conditions. The method, starting from residual joint torque estimation, allows both direct and adaptive computation of the contact point and force, based on a principle of equivalence of the contact forces. At the same time, all the unintended contacts must be avoided, and a suitable post-collision strategy is considered to move the r…
El panel de loterías como tarea no paramétrica para la obtención de la actitud frente al riesgo
2012
In this paper, we propose a simple task for eliciting attitudes toward risky choice, the Sabater-Grande and Georgantzís (SGG) lottery-panel task, which consists in a series of lotteries constructed to compensate riskier options with higher risk-return trade-offs. Using Principal Component Analysis technique, we show that the SGG lotterypanel task is capable of capturing two dimensions of individual risky decision making: subjects’ average willingness to choose risky projects and their sensitivity towards variations in the return to risk. We report results from a large dataset obtained from the implementation of the SGG lottery-panel task and discuss regularities and the desirability of its …
English writing instruction in Norwegian upper secondary schools
2015
AbstractThis article presents a study of current English writing instruction practices in a selection of Norwegian upper secondary schools and discusses how this draws upon ideas within genre-pedagogy. The data comprises individual and focus-group interviews, observation reports and some teaching material. The study shows that English teachers focus on teaching genre requirements and adjustment of language to task and context. However, despite agreeing on the importance of teaching how to write specific text-types and to adjust to the situation at hand, there seems to be different opinions about how detailed instruction should be. Some teachers fear that too explicit instruction may hinder …
A Generic Approach to Scheduling and Checkpointing Workflows
2018
This work deals with scheduling and checkpointing strategies to execute scientific workflows on failure-prone large-scale platforms. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to target fail-stop errors for arbitrary workflows. Most previous work addresses soft errors, which corrupt the task being executed by a processor but do not cause the entire memory of that processor to be lost, contrarily to fail-stop errors. We revisit classical mapping heuristics such as HEFT and MinMin and complement them with several checkpointing strategies. The objective is to derive an efficient trade-off between checkpointing every task (CkptAll), which is an overkill when failures are rare events, …
Female Leadership in Software Projects—A Preliminary Result on Leadership Style and Project Context Factors
2017
Women have been shown to be effective leaders in many team-based situations. However, it is also well-recognized that women are underrepresented in engineering and technology areas, which leads to wasted efforts and a lack of diversity in professional organizations. Although studies about gender and leadership are rich, research focusing on engineering-specific activities, are scarce. To react on this gap, we explored the experience of female leaders of software development projects and possible context factors that influence leadership effectiveness. The study was conducted as a longitudinal multiple case study. Data was collected from survey, interviews, observation and project reports. I…
The advantage of errorless learning for the acquisition of new concepts' labels in alcoholics
2009
BackgroundPrevious findings revealed that the acquisition of new semantic concepts' labels was impaired in uncomplicated alcoholic patients. The use of errorless learning may therefore allow them to improve learning performance. However, the flexibility of the new knowledge and the memory processes involved in errorless learning remain unclear.MethodNew concepts' labels acquisition was examined in 15 alcoholic patients and 15 control participants in an errorless learning condition compared with 19 alcoholic patients and 19 control subjects in a trial-and-error learning condition. The flexibility of the new information was evaluated using different photographs from those used in the learning…
Handling local concept drift with dynamic integration of classifiers : domain of antibiotic resistance in nosocomial infections
2006
In the real world concepts and data distributions are often not stable but change with time. This problem, known as concept drift, complicates the task of learning a model from data and requires special approaches, different from commonly used techniques, which treat arriving instances as equally important contributors to the target concept. Among the most popular and effective approaches to handle concept drift is ensemble learning, where a set of models built over different time periods is maintained and the best model is selected or the predictions of models are combined. In this paper we consider the use of an ensemble integration technique that helps to better handle concept drift at t…
Concept Maps for Comprehension and Navigation of Hypertexts
2013
Comprehension and learning with hypertexts are challenging due to the nonlinearity of such digital documents. Processing hypertexts may involve navigation and comprehension problems, leading learners to cognitive overhead. Concept maps have been added to hypertexts to reduce the cognitive requirements of navigation and comprehension. This chapter explores the literature to examine the effects of concept maps on navigation, comprehension, and learning from hypertexts. The literature review aims to elucidate how concept maps may contribute to processing hypertexts and under which conditions. In spite of the variability of concept maps used in hypertexts, some findings converge. Concept maps r…
Development of conditional reasoning and Wason's selection task
2004
Influent theories on human reasoning have suggested that Wason's selection task is so difficult because it involves heuristic and implicit processes. However, recent studies have demonstrated the implication of deductive activities. Poor performance on this task would thus result from some of its characteristics that impede the use of deductive processes. In the present experiment, we hypothesised that a modified abstract selection task that induces analytic and deductive processes should lead to better performance than the standard version of the task. Moreover, deductive activities are strongly affected by development (Markovits et Barrouillet, 2002). Thus, we predicted a strong developme…