Search results for "TB"
showing 10 items of 2582 documents
Can Information about Pandemics Increase Negative Attitudes toward Foreign Groups? A Case of COVID-19 Outbreak
2020
Pathogen threat can translate into a willingness to distance oneself from others on a psychological level. Building on this notion, we predicted that the ongoing coronavirus pandemic can affect attitudes toward foreign nationalities. We explored the intergroup consequences of the current epidemiological situation in two studies involving a total of 652 participants. In correlational Study 1, we showed a positive relationship between media exposure in the United Kingdom (UK) and in Poland, and prejudice to four foreign nationalities. Study 2 showed that negative affect toward Italians (i.e., a nation struggling with the most severe COVID-19 outbreak at the time of the study) was indirectly p…
Onychomadesis Outbreak in Valencia, Spain Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Enteroviruses
2011
This report evaluates the June 2008 onychomadesis outbreak in Valencia, Spain. The study sample consisted of 221 onychomadesis cases and 77 nonaffected individuals who lived close to those affected. We collected data on dietary variables, hygiene products, and individual pathological histories. Feces and blood specimens were collected from 44 cases and 24 controls to evaluate exposure to infectious agents. Pathological background data revealed a high frequency (61%) of hand, foot, and mouth disease among the onychomadesis cases. Coxsackievirus A10 was the most commonly detected enterovirus in both case and control groups (49%). Other enteroviruses such as coxsackieviruses A5, A6, A16, B1, a…
Projecting the spread of COVID-19 for Germany
2020
We model the evolution of the number of individuals that are reported to be sick with COVID-19 in Germany. Our theoretical framework builds on a continuous time Markov chain with four states: healthy without infection, sick, healthy after recovery or after infection but without symptoms and dead. Our quantitative solution matches the number of sick individuals up to the most recent observation and ends with a share of sick individuals following from infection rates and sickness probabilities. We employ this framework to study inter alia the expected peak of the number of sick individuals in a scenario without public regulation of social contacts. We also study the effects of public regulati…
Motor and cognitive growth following a Football Training Program
2015
Football may be a physical and sport activities able to improve motor and cognitive growth in children. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess whether a Football Training Program taken over 6 months would improve motor and cognitive performances in children. Motor skills concerned coordinative skills, running and explosive legs strength. Cognitive abilities involved visual discrimination times and visual selective attention times.Forty-six children with chronological age of ~9.10 years, were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=24) attended a Football Exercise Program and Group 2 (n=22) was composed of sedentary children.Their abilities were measured by a battery of tests including mo…
SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in medical employees in a large urologic department: Spread, containment and outcome.
2021
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to health care systems worldwide. Data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a hospital is rare and outbreaks among health care professionals are complex to control. Material and Methods Over the course of 6 consecutive weeks we recorded data on an exponential outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 within our department. We reconstructed the assumed route of the spread of infection, and the employees’ acute and late symptoms. Increasing preventive measures (mandatory face masks, intense training in hygiene, physical distancing whenever possible, and termination of visits from outside the hospital) were implemented. Results Within 6 weeks, 13 em…
Is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation likely to increase the risk of Fasciola transmission?
2007
(2007). Is the El Nino–Southern Oscillation likely to increase the risk of Fasciola transmission? Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 555-557.
A prospective analysis of the injury incidence of young male professional football players on artificial turf
2016
Background: The effects of synthetic surfaces on the risk of injuries is still debated in literature and the majority of published data seems to be contradictory. For such reasons the understanding of injury incidence on such surfaces, especially in youth sport, is fundamental for injury prevention. Objectives: The aim of this study was to prospectively report the epidemiology of injuries in young football players, playing on artificial turfs, during a one sports season. Patients and Methods: 80 young male football players (age 16.1 ± 3.7 years; height 174 ± 6.6 cm; weight 64.2 ± 6.3 kg) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. The participants were then divided in two groups; the first…
Sequential evolution of genotype GII.4 norovirus variants causing gastroenteritis outbreaks from 2001 to 2006 in Eastern Spain.
2008
Noroviruses are the most common cause of outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Norovirus outbreaks were surveyed in Catalonia and the region of Valencia (Eastern Spain) between January 2001 and December 2006 as part of the European Union funded network "Food-borne viruses in Europe". During this time the etiology and epidemiological features of 194 outbreaks of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis were investigated and norovirus was identified as causing 169 (87.1%) of them. Molecular epidemiology of viral strains was studied by RT-PCR and sequencing part of the RNA polymerase gene in ORF1 from 153 outbreak strains. The most commonly identified norovirus genotype was GII.4 (71.9% of …
The risk of suicide in healthcare workers in nursing home: An exploratory analysis during COVID-19 epidemic.
2021
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) outbreak as global pandemic. Nursing homes were particularly struck by the COVID‐19 outbreak, with some authors considering the COVID‐19 pandemic as the “ground zero” for these structures.
Patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) during colonoscopy diagnosis
2010
Abstract Background No recognized risk factors can be identified in 10-40% of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients suggesting that the modes of transmission involved could be underestimated or unidentified. Invasive diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopy, have been considered as a potential HCV transmission route; although the actual extent of transmission in endoscopy procedures remains controversial. Most reported HCV outbreaks related to nosocomial acquisition have been attributed to unsafe injection practices and use of multi-dose vials. Only a few cases of likely patient-to-patient HCV transmission via a contaminated colonoscope have been reported to date. Nosocomial HCV infecti…