Search results for "TB"

Geographical spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic wave and the two succeeding influenza seasons

2014

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to monitor the spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 pandemic and the following two influenza seasons 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 using a Bayesian Poisson mixed regression model; and implement this model of geographical analysis in the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System to obtain maps of influenza incidence for every week. In the pandemic wave the maps showed influenza activity spreading from west to east. The 2010–2011 influenza epidemic wave plotted a north-west/south-east pattern of spread. During the 2011–2012 season the spread of influenza was geographically heterogeneous. The most important source of variability in the m…

Exploring relationships between drought and epidemic cholera in Africa using generalised linear models

2021

Abstract Background Temperature and precipitation are known to affect Vibrio cholerae outbreaks. Despite this, the impact of drought on outbreaks has been largely understudied. Africa is both drought and cholera prone and more research is needed in Africa to understand cholera dynamics in relation to drought. Methods Here, we analyse a range of environmental and socioeconomic covariates and fit generalised linear models to publicly available national data, to test for associations with several indices of drought and make cholera outbreak projections to 2070 under three scenarios of global change, reflecting varying trajectories of CO2 emissions, socio-economic development, and population gr…

Effects of Age and Playing Tactics on the Individual Tactical Behavior in U10 and U12 Elite Spanish Soccer Players

2022

The aim of this paper was to explore the effects of age and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance in young soccer players. A total of 1247 individual possessions during 16 knockout matches from LaLiga Promises U12 tournament (n = 621) and LaLiga U10 Iscar Cup (n = 626) were analyzed by observational methodology. Multilevel and multivariate logistic regression models were created to explain the interdependent effects of age category and playing tactics on the individual tactical behavior and performance. Youth players performed most of their actions against defensive pressure (72.5%), during offensive support (91.3%) and receiving the ball facing forward (62.6%)…

La construcción de identidades colectivas a través del fútbol: cuando los nacionalismos juegan en los estadios

2017

El fútbol se ha convertido en un fenómeno de gran magnitud alrededor del mundo. Una de las causas principales de este éxito es su capacidad para articular procesos de identificación simbólica que dependen de las circunstancias sociales, políticas, religiosas o culturales de cada territorio. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la relación entre el fútbol y el contexto sociopolítico en el que éste se desarrolla. Concretamente, analiza la capacidad que tiene para la construcción de identidades colectivas étnicas o nacionales. Para ello, se revisan dos de los casos más significativos del contexto europeo en que se han entremezclado rivalidades futbolísticas y circunstancias sociopolíticas c…

Impact of hip abductor and adductor strength on dynamic balance and ankle biomechanics in young elite female Basketball players

2022

This study aimed to evaluate, in an isolated and relative manner, hip abductor (ABD) and adductor (AD) strength and to study the extent to which these factors are related to balance and ankle dorsiflexion mobility in young elite female basketball players. Sixty trainee-level elite female basketball players (13–18 years old), who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, were divided into three subgroups based on competition age divisions (U14, U16, U18). Isometric hip ABD and AD strength in each leg was evaluated using the ForceFrame Strength Testing System, also calculating the strength ratio and imbalance between legs. Y Balance Test (YBT) and ankle dorsiflexion mobility were also a…

Physical demands during 3×3 international male and female basketball games are partially impacted by competition phase but not game outcome

2021

Despite the increased popularity and number of international competitions for 3 × 3 basketball, the precise physical demands of this sport are not well described. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the physical demands of 3 × 3 basketball games according to game outcome and competition phase. Following an observational design, video footage from 27 games were analysed from 104 international 3 × 3 basketball players (n = 52 male and n = 52 female players) belonging to 26 national teams (n = 13 male and n = 13 female teams) during the 2019 FIBA 3 × 3 World Cup. Manual frame-by-frame time-motion analyses were conducted to determine the relative frequency (n · min−1) and duration (% of liv…

Terminology and sport language of Soccer

2007

El deporte del fútbol ha ido alcanzando un creciente nivel de popularidad, por lo que el lenguaje empleado en la narración de los acontecimientos relacionados con él trascienden el medio deportivo y se extienden a casi todos los ámbitos sociales. En este trabajo se analizan y ejemplifican algunas características del lenguaje deportivo del fútbol, como su etimología y procedencia, la existencia de extranjerismos y calcos lingüísticos, las condiciones que deberían tenerse en cuenta para la aceptación de términos foráneos, las metáforas y expresiones idiomáticas, polisemias, siglas y eponimias, así como la existencia de diversas denominaciones para referirse a un mismo concepto. Dada la global…

2020

Vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, West Nile virus, and so forth are some of the most prominent threats to human health. They are transmitted to the human population by infected insects or by direct transmission between humans. The epidemic process relies on suitable environmental and climatic conditions. Indeed, climatic factors affect the development of pathogens in vectors as well as the population dynamics of the vectors impacting significantly the incidence of disease in the human population. While the influence of the climatic conditions on Vector-borne diseases is well-documented, there is a strong need to design more realistic epidemiological models incorporating e…

Emergence of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Italy: estimation of incidence and genetic diversity

2019

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) identified for the first time in 1995 in Asia, from where it spread into several countries of the Mediterranean basin. ToLCNDV was found in Spain in 2012, and subsequently in Tunisia and Italy. The first outbreak in Italy occurred at the end of 2015 in Trapani province (Sicily) on zucchini squashes. Then in 2016, ToLCNDV was found in infected zucchini plants in Campania, Lazio and Sardinia regions, and in 2017 in Calabria. This study addressed the dispersion and genetic diversity of ToLCNDV isolates in Italy. A total of 1400 plants were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis showed low variability among th…

Detraditionalization, Hyper-consumption and Ambivalence

2015

During the past 20 years, European football has witnessed an intense change process that has radically transformed some of its main structural characteristics. This process is related to the same tendencies that have affected other aspects of social and economic life in western societies, such as the communication technologies revolution, the progressive rationalization of work, the increase in migration, the commodification of human activity, and the development of social and economic globalization processes, to name a few of the most relevant changes. These trends are usually thought to have had a strong influence on the recent evolution of football, giving rise to a redefinition of its c…