Search results for "THYROID"

European Thyroid Association Guidelines regarding Thyroid Nodule Molecular Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnostics

2016

Molecular fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnostics has the potential to address the inherent limitation of FNA cytology which is an indeterminate (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance follicular neoplasm) cytology. Because of the emerging role of molecular FNA cytology diagnostics, the European Thyroid Association convened a panel of international experts to review methodological aspects, indications, results, and limitations of molecular FNA cytology diagnostics. The panel reviewed the evidence for the diagnostic value of mutation panel assessment (including at least BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, PAX8/PPARG, RET/PTC) of targeted next generat…

A novel mutation in the PAX8 promoter region causes permanent congenital hypothyroidism in a patient with Down’s Syndrome

2014

Thyroid dysfunction is common in newborn infants with Down’s syndrome (DS) but defects in organogenesis have not been described. A female infant was diagnosed to have trisomy 21, atrio-ventricular septal defect and patent ductus. Newborn screening showed capillary TSH 43.8 mU/L(day 5), venous TSH >150 mU/l and free T4 15.1 pmol/L (day 12). Thyroid ultrasound showed a small gland with heterogenous echotexture and cystic changes. Scintigraphy showed normal uptake into an eutopic gland. The infant was treated with thyroxine and underwent cardiac repair at 69 days. Sequencing analysis of candidate genes involved in thyroid development revealed a new heterozygous mutation close to the transcript…

Cancer cure for 32 cancer types: results from the EUROCARE-5 study

2020

Abstract Background Few studies have estimated the probability of being cured for cancer patients. This study aims to estimate population-based indicators of cancer cure in Europe by type, sex, age and period. Methods 7.2 million cancer patients (42 population-based cancer registries in 17 European countries) diagnosed at ages 15–74 years in 1990–2007 with follow-up to 2008 were selected from the EUROCARE-5 dataset. Mixture-cure models were used to estimate: (i) life expectancy of fatal cases (LEF); (ii) cure fraction (CF) as proportion of patients with same death rates as the general population; (iii) time to cure (TTC) as time to reach 5-year conditional relative survival (CRS) >95…

RISK OF HEMOLYMPHOPOIETIC NEOPLASM BEFORE AND AFTER THYROID CANCER. A POPULATION‐BASED STUDY IN ITALY, 1998‐2012

2021

Lymphomas and thyroid: Bridging the gap

2018

The thyroid gland is often involved in the development of neoplastic diseases, including lymphoproliferative disorders. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the multiple interactions between lymphoma and thyroid. Through an extensive research among the literature, the relationship between lymphomas and thyroid can be established at various levels, and the possible interconnections are here summarized in 5 points: (1) the greater risk of lymphoma development in some thyroid diseases; (2) the primary thyroid lymphoma, with focus on issues related to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment; (3) the incidence of thyroid involvement in primitive nodal lymp…

Tumorigenic and metastatic activity of human thyroid cancer stem cells

2010

Abstract Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and the first cause of death among endocrine cancers. We show that the tumorigenic capacity in thyroid cancer is confined in a small subpopulation of stem-like cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhigh) activity and unlimited replication potential. ALDHhigh cells can be expanded indefinitely in vitro as tumor spheres, which retain the tumorigenic potential upon delivery in immunocompromised mice. Orthotopic injection of minute numbers of thyroid cancer stem cells recapitulates the behavior of the parental tumor, including the aggressive metastatic features of undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, which are sustained by…

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases and risk factors for recurrence in a high prevalence of goiter area

2010

BACKGROUND. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is diagnosed with increasing frequency. Since risk factors for an aggressive clinical behavior have not been clearly delineated, the best therapeutic option and follow up protocol for PTMC have not been established yet, especially in case of incidental diagnosis after partial thyroidectomy for benign disease. We reviewed our series of patients with PMTC to determine risk factors for recurrence in a high prevalence of goiter area. METHODS. The medical records of all the patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with a final pathology report of PTMC between October 2002 and June 2007 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and pathologica…

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a cancer patient receiving lenvatinib.

2018

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction that affects the mandible and maxilla of patients exposed to bone-targeting agents such as anti-resorptive and anti-angiogenic agents. Several MRONJ cases have been reported after dental extractions in patients under treatment with anti-angiogenic agents, including receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monoclonal antibody, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The aim of this article was to describe an original case of lenvatinib-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient affected …

Clinical Approach to Vascular Calcification in Patients With Non-dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease: Mineral-Bone Disorder-Related Aspects

2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a very high morbimortality, mainly from cardiovascular origin, and CKD is currently considered in the high- or very high risk- cardiovascular risk category. CKD-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBDs), including vascular and/or valvular calcifications, are also associated with these poor outcomes. Vascular calcification (VC) is very prevalent (both intimal and medial), even in non-dialysis dependent patients, with a greater severity and more rapid progression. Simple X-ray based-scores such as Adragão's (AS) are useful prognostic tools and AS (even AS based on hand-X-ray only) may be superior to the classic Kauppila's score when evaluating non-d…

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes in childhood: description of two cases and a proposal for follow-up protocol

2013

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes (PHTS) are a spectrum of hamartomatous overgrowth syndromes associated with germ-line mutations in the tumor suppressor PTEN gene located on 10q23.3. It is widely accepted that two of these disorders, Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, are allelic conditions. Because PTEN mutations are not identifiable in every case of the PHTS phenotype, the inability to detect a mutation within the PTEN gene does not invalidate the clinical diagnosis of Cowden syndrome, or Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, in patients who meet diagnostic criteria for these disorders. PTEN mutations are associated with an increased risk for developing breast, thyroid, end…