Search results for "TILLAGE"

Morphological characterisation of soil structure in tilled fields: from a diagnosis method to the modelling of structural changes over time

2004

Characterisation of soit structure within the tilled layer of cultivated fields is crucial because the importance of this soil characteristic on the biological, chemical and physical properties of the soil and its repercussions on water cycle, root growth and functioning. We present in this paper a method for field characterisation of soil structure. This method, practised since the 1970s, was designed for field diagnosis of the effects of cropping systems on soil structure. It is based on a stratification of the observation face of a pit dug perpendicular to the direction of tillage and traffic: spatial compartments are distinguished, according to the nature of the mechanical stresses they…

Tecniche conservative di gestione del suolo in ambiente mediterraneo: risultati di un ventennio di sperimentazioni.

2013

Durum wheat yield uncertainty under different tillage management practices and climatic conditions

2019

Abstract In the field of conservative agriculture, no-till (NT) management has been receiving increasing interest, with 45 million ha of land under no-till management in 1999 to 155 million ha in 2014. Up until now, no-till has only been observed to perform better under rainfed conditions, especially in dry climates mainly because the reduced tillage system retains more soil moisture. However, the adoption of alternative agricultural practices (NT) can be improved only if uncertain and consequent assumption of risk is well known and accepted. For these reasons, the aim of this research is (i) to define durum wheat suitability under NT soil management in terms of yield success probability an…

Le site néolithique final de La Fare (Forcalquier, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). Résultats 1995-1999 et révision chronoculturelle

2004

Publié initialement : LEMERCIER O., CAULIEZ J., FURESTIER R., MULLER A., BOUVILLE C., CONVERTINI F., GILABERT C., JORDA M., KHEDHAIER R., LAZARD N., LOIRAT D., PELLISSIER M., PROVENZANO N., VERDIN P. (2004) – Le site Néolithique final de La Fare (Forcalquier, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) résultats 1995-1999 et révision chronoculturelle, in : DARTEVELLE H. (Dir.) : Rencontres Méridionales de Préhistoire Récente, 5e session, Clermont-Ferrand, 2002, Archéologie du sud-ouest, 2004, p. 445-455.; Le site de La Fare est un établissement perché sur un grand éperon de la région de Forcalquier (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). Occupé de la fin de la Préhistoire jusqu'à l'époque contemporaine, il a livré les ves…

Cover Crop Impact on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Diversity in a Mediterranean Semiarid Vineyard

2020

Cover crop (CC) management in vineyards increases sustainability by improving soil chemical and biological fertility, but knowledge on its effects in semiarid soils is lacking. This study evaluated the effect of leguminous CC management on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, soil nitrate content and microbial diversity in a semiarid vineyard, in comparison to conventional tillage (CT). SOC and nitrate were monitored during vine-growing season

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON SOIL QUALITY IN MEDITERRANEAN CROPS

2017

Effects of different weed control practices on soil quality in mediterranean crops This research approaches the question of weed control sustainability, from the point of view of soil quality maintenance and enhancing. A big choice of practices and products for weed control are available nowadays, but the actual definition of "sustainable practice" not always considers soil fertility. Soil processes timescale is wider than the productive, commercial and legislative ones. Also the definition of survey protocols is a process slower than the evolution of weed control methods. The faster reaction in the soil ecosystem after an external pressure is given by the organisms living in it, and the mi…

Early sowing can boost grain production by reducing weed infestation in organic no‐till wheat

2022

Conservative tillage techniques have several agro-ecological benefits for organic farming. The application of these techniques, however, can create quite a few challenges due to the increased weed competition. Here, we report the results of an organic field experiment in which the responses of wheat and weeds to no tillage (NT) were evaluated compared with conventional tillage (CT). We also tested the hypothesis that, under NT, moving up the sowing date, compared with using the ordinary sowing date for the study area, can result in increased competitiveness of the crop against weeds. Two wheat genotypes, a modern variety and an ancient landrace, were tested.Substantial reductions in grain y…

Testing a spatially distributed sediment delivery model (SEDD) in a forested basin by cesium-137 technique

2005

The aim of the paper is to validate the sediment delivery distributed (SEDD) model for estimating hillslope sediment yield estimates using net soil erosion values obtained by the cesium-137 technique. The cesium-137 technique provides spatially-distributed measurements useful to verify the predictive capability of a distributed sediment yield model. The application of the cesium-137 technique requires a calibration procedure to convert measurements of 137Cs inventories to estimates of net soil erosion rates. Rainfall and sediment yield data from 1978 to 1994 in a small Calabrian basin forested with eucalyptus trees, were initially used to calibrate, at mean annual temporal scale, the SEDD m…

CA-SYS: A long term experimental platform on agroecology at various scales

2018

National audience; The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) has established an ambitious, multiscale, agricultural experimental infrastructure (the CA-SYS platform) as a collaboration between the Research Unit, Agroécologie (Dijon, eastern France), and the Experimental Research Unit, Domaine d’Epoisses (20 km next to Dijon). CA-SYS covers an area of 120 ha, and is divided into 47 fields, each of which has drainage and can be irrigated, and will be initiated in autumn 2018. The aims of CA-SYS are to: i) design and evaluate new agroecological systems; ii) study the transition from current farming systems towards these new agroecological systems, with goals that include a…

Les structures artisanales de la villa de Grigy (Moselle) : apport de l’analyse morphologique des équipements et de l’étude du mobilier métallique à …

2017

International audience