Search results for "TIME"

Criterion validity of two physical activity and one sedentary time questionnaire against accelerometry in a large cohort of adults and older adults

2020

ObjectivesWe compared the ability of physical activity and sitting time questionnaires (PAQ) for ranking individuals versus continuous volume calculations (physical activity level (PAL), metabolic equivalents of task (MET), sitting hours) against accelerometry measured physical activity as our criterion.MethodsParticipants in a cohort from the Tromsø Study completed three questionnaires; (1) The Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale (SGPALS) (n=4040); (2) The Physical Activity Frequency, Intensity and Duration (PAFID) questionnaire (n=5902)) calculated as MET-hours·week-1 and (3) The International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ) short-form sitting question (n=4896). We validate…

The Nordic Paradox and intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in Sweden: A background overview

2019

The global public health problem of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is typically tied to gender inequality. Contrary to what would be expected, however, a 2012 survey conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) showed lifetime prevalence rates of IPVAW in the Nordic countries which were among the highest of the 28 EU member states, despite these countries being rated as some of the most gender‐equal in the world. The aim of this article is to enable a furthered understanding of this Nordic Paradox through providing an overview of knowledge about IPVAW in Sweden in relation to the apparent paradox. It assembles information on IPVAW prevalence, on Swede…

Embryonic and foetal Islet-1 positive cells in human hearts are also positive to c-Kit.

2011

During embryogenesis, the mammalian heart develops from a primitive heart tube originating from two bilateral primary heart fields located in the lateral plate mesoderm. Cells belongings to the pre-cardiac mesoderm will differentiate into early cardiac progenitors, which express early transcription factors which are also common to the Isl-1 positive cardiac progenitor cells isolated from the developing pharyngeal mesoderm and the foetal and post-natal mice hearts. A second population of cardiac progenitor cells positive to c-Kit has been abundantly isolated from adult hearts. Until now, these two populations have been considered two different sets of progenitor cells present in the heart in…

Intestinal ischaemia during cardiac arrest and resuscitation: comparative analysis of extracellular metabolites by microdialysis.

2003

Intestinal ischaemia is a major complication of shock syndromes causing translocation of bacteria and endotoxins and multiple organ failure in intensive care patients. The present study was designed to use microdialysis as a tool to monitor intestinal ischaemia after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in pigs. For this purpose, microdialysis probes were implanted in pig jejunal wall, peritoneum, skeletal muscle and brain, and interstitial fluid was obtained during circulatory arrest (induced by ventricular fibrillation) and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Cardiac arrest for 4 min caused a prolonged (60 min) reduction of blood flow in jejunal wall, muscle and brain as determine…

Serotonergic modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release after long-term neuronal grafting

2000

Adult female rats sustained aspirative fimbria-fornix lesions and, 2 weeks later, received intrahippocampal grafts of fetal septal or mixed septal-raphe cell suspensions. Twenty-four months later, the extracellular concentration of hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) was determined by microdialysis. Basal ACh levels (5-65 fmol/5 microl sham-operated rats) were strongly reduced after lesioning (3-7 fmol/5 microl). In septally transplanted and septal-raphe co-transplanted rats, hippocampal ACh concentrations were restored to near-normal levels (15-25 fmol/5 microl), indicating long-term functional survival of hippocampal transplants. After administration of citalopram (100 microM by infusion) and…

Birth-weight differences at term are explained by placental dysfunction and not by maternal ethnicity. Study in newborns of first generation immigran…

2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of ethnicity and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) on the birth weight (BW) of first generation Indo-Pakistan immigrants' newborns.This was a retrospective study in a mixed population of 620 term Caucasian and Indo-Pakistan pregnancies, evaluated in two reference hospitals of Spain and Italy. All fetuses underwent a scan and Doppler examination within two weeks of delivery. The influence of fetal gender, ethnicity, GA at delivery, CPR, maternal age, height, weight and parity on BW was evaluated by multivariable regression analysis.Newborns of first generation Indo-Pakistan immigrants were smaller than local Caucasian newborns (mean BW mean= 3…

Neuronal and extraneuronal uptake and efflux of catecholamines in the isolated rabbit heart

1974

1. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with (−)-noradrenaline, (−)-adrenaline and (±)-isoprenaline for various time periods (1–180 min) and then washed with an amine-free medium. The venous concentration of the amine was estimated fluorimetrically during the infusion and after its end, to study removal and efflux, respectively. 2. In untreated hearts and after pretreatment with reserpine the removal had a constant rate over 20–60 min. After pretreatment with pargyline to block monoamine oxidase (MAO), however, the removal of noradrenaline declined exponentially to zero. Inhibition of the neuronal uptake (desipramine) and chemical sympathectomy (6-hydroxydopamine) abolished the removal of n…

The neuronal efflux of noradrenaline: Dependency on sodium and facilitation by ouabain

1974

Rabbit hearts were isolated after pretreatment with the MAO inhibitor pargyline and with reserpine and were perfused with 200 ng/ml noradrenaline for 1 h. During the subsequent wash-out with an amine-free solution for 2 h, the neuronal efflux of noradrenaline declined mono-exponentially with a mean halftime of 42 min. Both Na+-free solution and ouabain caused facilitation of the efflux which thereafter declined in a multi-exponential fashion. The maximum facilitation was reached after 3 min of Na+-free perfusion and 25 min after introduction of ouabain. The amount of exogenous noradrenaline accumulated in the heart was only partially released when the extracellular Na+-concentration was nor…

2018

Beyond the classical paradigm that presents the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) as a manner to create forces that counteract disturbances arising from the moving segment during a pointing task, there is a controversial discussion about the role APAs to facilitate the movement and perform a task accurately. In addition, arm kinematics features are classically used to infer the content of motor planning for the execution and the control of arm movements. The present study aimed to disentangle the conflicting role of APAs during an arm-pointing task in which the subjects reach a central diode that suddenly turns on, while their postural stability was manipulated. Three postures were a…

Objective measures of nasal function

1995

Numerous techniques to objectively measure nasal function are available to the rhinologic surgeon. Rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, laser Doppler flowmetry, saccharin transport time, determination of ciliary beat frequency, and olfactory and trigeminal event-related potentials are all techniques in current use. Rhinomanometry is the standard clinical tool used to indicate those patients complaining of nasal obstruction who are likely to benefit from septal and turbinate surgery. Acoustic rhinometry permits the precise localization of nasal stenoses and is the best predictor of a patient's postoperative satisfaction. It is, in addition, more sensitive than rhinomanometry in recording cha…