Search results for "TLE"
showing 10 items of 2417 documents
Diversity and zoonotic potential of rotaviruses in swine and cattle across Europe.
2011
Group A rotaviruses can infect both humans and animals. Individual rotavirus strains can occasionally cross species barriers and might hereby contribute to the emergence of new genotypes in heterologous hosts. The incidence and impact of zoonotic rotavirus are not well defined, and one reason for this is a lack of data about strains circulating in suspected reservoir animal hosts. In this study we report the incidence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected in domestic cattle and swine in 6 European countries. From 2003 to 2007, 1101 and more than 2000 faecal specimens were collected from swine and cattle, both healthy and diarrhoeic, and tested for rotaviruse…
Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of Rotavirus Protein VP6
1998
ABSTRACT As a first step to gain insight into the structure of the rotavirus virion at atomic resolution, we report here the expression, purification, and crystallization of recombinant rotavirus protein VP6. This protein has the property of polymerizing in the form of tubular structures in solution which have hindered crystallization thus far. Using a combination of electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, we found that addition of Ca 2+ at concentrations higher than 100 mM results in depolymerization of the tubes, leading to an essentially monodisperse solution of trimeric VP6 even at high protein concentrations (higher than 10 mg/ml), thereby enabling us to search for crysta…
Rotavirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Recognize Overlapping Epitopes in the Amino-Terminal Region of the VP7 Glycoprotein
1999
Abstract Rotavirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the resolution of rotavirus infection. The outer capsid glycoprotein, VP7, elicits a class I MHC-restricted CTL response. Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the VP7 genes from simian rotavirus SA11 (serotype G3) and from the RF strain of bovine rotavirus (serotype G6) were used to analyze the CTL activity to this antigen in BALB/c (H-2 d ) and C57BL/6 (H-2 b ) mice neonatally infected with homologous and heterologous rotaviruses. A vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the first amino-terminal 88 amino acids of VP7 was constructed and used to search for cross-reactive CTL against this region of the prote…
Review of group A rotavirus strains reported in swine and cattle
2013
Group A rotavirus (RVA) infections cause severe economic losses in intensively reared livestock animals, particularly in herds of swine and cattle. RVA strains are antigenically heterogeneous, and are classified in multiple G and P types defined by the two outer capsid proteins, VP7 and VP4, respectively. This study summarizes published literature on the genetic and antigenic diversity of porcine and bovine RVA strains published over the last 3 decades. The single most prevalent genotype combination among porcine RVA strains was G5P[7], whereas the predominant genotype combination among bovine RVA strains was G6P[5], although spatiotemporal differences in RVA strain distribution were observ…
Inhibitory Activities of Bovine Macromolecular Whey Proteins on Rotavirus Infections In Vitro and In Vivo
2006
Rotavirus is a major cause of infantile viral gastroenteritis and can lead to severe and sometimes lethal dehydration. Previous studies have shown that breast-fed children are better protected against symptomatic infections, and that the milk fat globule protein lactadherin might be at least partly responsible for this effect. In vitro studies have shown that human lactadherin, in contrast to the bovine ortholog, could inhibit rotavirus infectivity, and that bovine MUC1 and a commercially available bovine macromolecular whey protein (MMWP) fraction proved to be effective. The present work describes the versatility of MMWP against the infection of 2 human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and FH…
Fourteen years’ clinical experience and the first million babies protected with human live-attenuated vaccine against rotavirus disease in Italy
2021
Rotavirus (RV) causes up to half of hospital and community acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases in young children in Italy. Two RV vaccines, available since 2006, are human RV (HRV) and human bovine RV (HBRV). This report looks back at the implementation of RV vaccination with HRV in Italy, and at HRV current and future perspectives. Initial regional policies led to national implementation by 2018, after scientific societies’ disease awareness efforts. Following vaccination, RV hospitalizations declined significantly, and cost savings were observed. The two-dose HRV vaccine is easily administered during compulsory vaccine visits, helping increase coverage. Intussusception, a serious event in c…
Directional Shuttling of a Stimuli-Responsive Cone-Like Macrocycle on a Single-State Symmetric Dumbbell Axle
2018
Rotaxane-based molecular shuttles are often operated using low-symmetry axles and changing the states of the binding stations. A molecular shuttle capable of directional shuttling of an acid-responsive cone-like macrocycle on a single-state symmetric dumbbell axle is now presented. The axle contains three binding stations: one symmetric di(quaternary ammonium) station and two nonsymmetric phenyl triazole stations arranged in opposite orientations. Upon addition of an acid, the protonated macrocycle shuttles from the di(quaternary ammonium) station to the phenyl triazole binding station closer to its butyl groups. This directional shuttling presumably originates from charge repulsion and an …
AQM generalized nyquist stability in multiple bottleneck networks
2005
Abstract The influence of multiple bottlenecks on the stability of Active Queue Management (AQM) controllers, usually configured on a single bottleneck basis is discussed. We consider a network scenario where RED is configured at each router according to previously developed control theoretic techniques. These configuration rules assure stability in a single bottleneck scenario. We show that instability may arise when two links become congested. We justify this result through a multiple bottleneck model using the Generalized Nyquist stability criterion.
Fault Tolerant Routing Methodology for Mesh-of-Tree based Network-on-Chips using Local Reconfiguration
2018
Increase in the processing elements in a System-on- Chip (SoC) has led to an increasing complexity between the cores in the entire network. This communication bottleneck led to rise in the new paradigm called Network-on-Chip (NoC). These NoC are very much susceptible to various types of faults which can be transient, intermittent or permanent. This paper presents a fault-tolerant routing technique which can route the packets from a source to a destination in presence of permanent faults in the leaf routers of Mesh-of-Tree topology where cores are connected. This is achieved by using reconfiguration in the local ports of the leaf routers by inserting multiplexers as a layer between the leaf …
About the stability of active queue management mechanisms
2004
In this paper, we discuss the influence of multiple bottlenecks on the stability of active queue management (AQM) controllers, usually configured on a single bottleneck basis. To see this, we consider a network scenario where RED is configured at each router according to previously developed control theoretic techniques. These configuration rules assure stability in a single bottleneck scenario. Yet, we show that instability may arise when two links become congested. We justify this result through a multiple bottleneck model.