Search results for "TRADE"
showing 10 items of 1475 documents
Ķīnas un Baltijas valstu ekonomiskā sadarbība, pašreizējās tendences un nākotnes scenāriji
2022
China and Baltic States have developed economic cooperation under the format of “16+1” (later “17+1” when Greece joined in 2019), where both sides have taken more “open” attitudes and policies to establish closer cooperation in trade and investment. This paper is to research the current trends of the economic cooperation between China and the Baltic States as well as the future scenarios thereof combining economic and political analysis. The trade theory proves economic benefits of liberal trade and investment, therefore, the economic cooperation of China and Baltic States provides growth opportunities for both sides. However, Lithuania has withdrawn its membership of this format in 2021, m…
Economic consequences of populism
2020
This paper is aimed at assessing the potential negative impacts of radicalization and populism on the national economy with a special focus on fiscal policy and international trade. The authors presume that populist governments tend to implement expansionary fiscal policy and advocate protectionism. This research is a synergy of political and economic analysis. The authors describe the EU and Eurozone fiscal trends and risks (public debt and budged deficit) and provide examples of economic commitments of populist governments. They analyse how different definitions of radicalization and populism match with the current trends in populist parties, describe risks of implementing expansionary fi…
Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Airport Inventories
2020
Greenhouse gases retain heat in the atmosphere since they absorb most of the Earth's outgoing long wave infrared radiation. The energy trapping alters the radiative balance that, in turn, modifies weather patterns at a global scale, progressively increasing the natural greenhouse effect. Heattrapping ability of some pollutants and primarily the carbon overload in the atmosphere as a result of human activities which have been protracted over a long period of time, has led to climate change and increase in global average temperature. In a long-term perspective, emission abatement from aviation sector has needed wide-ranging strategies. In this view an inventory of greenhouse gases can be a be…
Is Sentiment Risk Priced By Stock Market?
2012
International audience; This study tests if the financial markets price the investors sentiment risk. We construct portfolios based upon the stock returns exposure to sentiment. Our results show that the portfolio returns are positively correlated with the exposure of stocks to sentiment. The strategy that consists of buying stocks with the highest exposure to sentiment and selling stocks with the lowest exposure to sentiment generates a significant raw profit. Exploring the sources of profit, we find that neither the traditional risk factors nor the momentum factor can account for the profit. However, we find that the addition of the sentiment risk premium contributes to explain the profit.
The Strategic Cognition View of Issue Salience and the Evolution of a Political Issue : Landis & Gyr, the Hungarian Uprising and East-West Trade, 195…
2017
Why do firms facing similar stakeholder issues respond quite differently? The recently introduced strategic cognition view of issue salience and firm responsiveness (hereinafter: issue salience model) seeks to tackle this core question of stakeholder theory. I extend the nascent theorizing with a historical case study in order to rethink the model’s firm-centric perspective. The firm under examination in this historical case study is the Swiss multinational Landis & Gyr (LG) during the Cold War period. Like many other Swiss exportoriented companies in the 1950s and early 1960s, LG was challenged by Swiss pressure groups, which were highly effective at putting an issue on the public agenda: …
''Dual'' gravity: Using spatial econometrics to control for multilateral resistance.
2007
We propose a quantity-based `dual' version of the gravity equation that yields an estimating equation with both cross-sectional interdependence and spatially lagged error terms. Such an equation can be concisely estimated using spatial econometric techniques. We illustrate this methodology by applying it to the Canada-U.S. data set used previously, among others, by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) and Feenstra (2002, 2004). Our key result is to show that controlling directly for spatial interdependence across trade flows, as suggested by theory, significantly reduces border effects because it captures `multilateral resistance'. Using a spatial autoregressive moving average specification, we …
QUALITY AND PRICES OF INTRA-EUROPEAN TRADE OF FOOD-INDUSTRY PRODUCTS
2000
The completion of the European Single Market should bring out an exploitation of comparative advantages in production and trade. It is usually assumed that, given the predominance of intraeuropean trade flows in the global import figures of the European Union, efficiency gains from trade creation could be potentially important. However, the analysis of the effects of the Single Market on trade specialisation with a greater degree of accuracy requires trade quality indicators to be available. This paper uses the theory of index numbers to establish the relative quality levels of the food industry shipments to the European Internal Market from European Union member countries. It is found a po…
Testing the Home Market Effects in a Multi-country World: The Theory
2004
We extend the two-country model by Krugman (1980) to a multi-country set-up and show that the `home-market effect' highlighted with two countries does not readily extend to such a more general setting. In particular, we prove that the most important result, namely the disproportionate causation from demand to supply, generalizes only under the fairly implausible assumption of pairwise symmetric trade costs between all countries. We argue, therefore, that the implications of product differentiation for the structure of world trade are better characterized in terms of spatial (`accessibility') and non-spatial (`attraction') effects, and we provide a theory-based specification that suggests ho…
The Cultural and Social Foundations of Ethical Educational Leadership in Finland
2021
This chapter provides the Finnish scope on cultural and social foundations of ethical educational leadership. Finland is often seen as an outlier. Predominant transnational trends are recognized but they tend to reach Finland with a delay and manifest themselves somewhat differently from the mainstream. There are contextual reasons for the deviance. We will present these focusing on how cultural and social aspects have been evolving in Finland. Furthermore, we will analyse the constituents, organisation and responsibilities embedded in the Finnish education system. This analysis makes use of contemporary education policy documents including legislation and other regulations, curricula, and …
Age is not just a number : Mathematical model suggests senescence affects how fish populations respond to different fishing regimes
2021
Senescence is often described as an age-dependent increase in natural mortality (known as actuarial senescence) and an age-dependent decrease in fecundity (known as reproductive senescence), and its role in nature is still poorly understood. Based on empirical estimates of reproductive and actuarial senescence, we used mathematical simulations to explore how senescence affects the population dynamics of Coregonus albula, a small, schooling salmonid fish. Using an empirically based eco-evolutionary model, we investigated how the presence or absence of senescence affects the eco-evolutionary dynamics of a fish population during pristine, intensive harvest, and recovery phases. Our simulation …