Search results for "TRADE"
showing 10 items of 1475 documents
LES DETERMINANTS A L'ACHAT DE PRODUITS ISSUS DU COMMERCE EQUITABLE : UNE APPROCHE PAR LES CHAINAGES COGNITIFS
2006
In this research, we examine the motives underlying fair trade product purchase through two studies using a means-end methodology. Considering the growth of fair trade product consumption and the expansion of its distribution in two different distribution networks, a first exploratory research has been led. It shows that motives and, more particularly, means-end chains underlying fair trade coffee purchase differ depending on the types of retail store chosen (specialized shop vs. Supermarket). Then, fair trade coffee buyers who shop in supermarket have been interviewed in a second study. In the one hand, it permits to define choice criteria, consequences and values underlying this purchase,…
Contagion in Bitcoin Networks
2019
12 pages, 6 figures. Paper accepted in 2nd Workshop on Blockchain and Smart Contract Technologies (BSCT 2019), workshop satellite of 22nd International Conference on Business Information Systems (BIS 2019); International audience; We construct the Google matrices of bitcoin transactions for all year quarters during the period of January 11, 2009 till April 10, 2013. During the last quarters the network size contains about 6 million users (nodes) with about 150 million transactions. From PageRank and CheiRank probabilities, analogous to trade import and export, we determine the dimensionless trade balance of each user and model the contagion propagation on the network assuming that a user go…
Sustainable Development and Energy Policy: Actual CO2 Emissions in the European Union in the Years 1997–2017, Considering Trade with China and the USA
2020
One of the ways of implementing the concept of sustainable development by the European Union is their energy policy. Among the three main objectives in its energy policy is a reduction in greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) emissions to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. This study aims to assess the impact of international trade on actual CO2 emission in the EU, China and the USA for the period 1997–2017. For this aim, the Actual-Open CO2 emissions were calculated, taking into account the transfer of CO2 in exported products and services from China and the USA to the EU and vice versa. It is concluded that the actual CO2 emissions in China, the USA, and the EU differed from the traditionall…
The Sustainability of Reclaimed Asphalt as a Resource for Road Pavement Management through a Circular Economic Model
2019
The transition of the road engineering industry to a circular way of doing business requires more efficient and sustainable resources, energy, and waste management. The rates in which reclaimed asphalt is being recycled or reused in the asphalt mixture production process constitutes a crucial parameter in this transition. This paper aims at establishing a further step towards the combined circularity and sustainability of asphalt pavements, by introducing a framework for quantifying their Material Circularity Index. The framework is based on the methodology proposed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and accordingly tailored for the context of asphalt pavements. This study, thus, attempts to…
European National Road Authorities and Circular Economy: An Insight into Their Approaches
2020
The pavement engineering industry, having realized the significance of the impacts that it imposes on the environment through the production, construction and management of its products and assets, has been driven towards a more sustainable and circular way of operating. This has partly been through asphalt recycling, which is an area that many road authorities have prioritized. However, not all the National Road Authorities (NRAs) and/or sector stakeholders seem to be adequately familiar with the Circular Economy (CE) concept. This paper attempts to assist the transition of NRAs to a more circular way of doing business, by analyzing the current situation of CE within national/regional auth…
Civil Society in the 2004 Romanian Elections: Watchdog, Involved Arbiter or Political Actor?
2010
Abstract Civil society has proven outstanding capacities of involvement in the 2004 general elections in Romania and put a remarkable pressure on the political society. This paper aims to discuss the consequences of such involvement for both the political and civil society. We also investigate the conditions that have favoured a successful challenge of the main political actors by the most visible civic advocacy organizations. Further, we inquire how deep can an actor from the civil society go into the lands of the political society. In the end, we weight the achievements and the failures of civil society’s active involvement in the game of elections.
Towards a New European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP): What Benefits of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements (DCFTAs) for Shared Prosperity a…
2016
This article examines the problem of the ENP countries’ integration with the EU market from two perspectives: the macroeconomic situation as an integral component of the overall transformation process and the integration with the EU markets, and the political economy of the regional integration perspectives of these countries. This methodological approach serves as a tool for integrating a number of main goals related to the EU’s soft power that require the development and support of civil society in the neighbouring states. This contribution aims to offer insight in the implementation of the regional arrangements, taking into consideration new political and economic realities in the Eurasi…
Polyomino Number Theory (II)
2003
Polyominoes are connected plane figures formed of joining unit squares edge to edge. We have a monomino, a domino, two trominoes named I and V, five tetrominoes named I, L, N, O and T, respectively, and twelve pentominoes (a registered trademark of Solomon W. Golomb) named F, I, L, N, P, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z respectively.
Does the GATT/WTO promote trade? After all, Rose was right
2019
This paper re-examines the effect of the GATT/WTO on trade using recent econometric developments that allow us estimating structural gravity equations with the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator on a large dataset that requires computing high-dimensional fixed effects. By doing so, we overcome computational limitations that are present in previous studies. In line with Rose’s (Am Econ Rev 94:98–114, 2004) seminal work, we find that, unlike regional trade agreements and currency unions, the GATT/WTO accession has not generated positive trade effects. This result is robust to the use of alternative measures of trade flows, across periods and country groups, to changes in the p…