Search results for "TRADE"

Flexibility, Segmentation and Use of Labour in Finnish Retail Trade

1990

The purpose of the study is to analyse the effects of management strategies on the segmentation of five department store labour markets in Finland. (1) The competitive strategies of firms are expected to have different con sequences for the use of labour (2) Within firms, the differentiated use of labour is examined in relation to the use of different flexibility strategies In department stores the most important strategy for obtaining (numerical) flexibility has been the fast growth of part-time work.

Life-Cycle Costing Decision-Making Methodology and Urban Intersection Design: Modelling and Analysis for a Circular City

2021

The importance of being circular reflects one of the key concepts of the life-cycle thinking that promotes the sustainable production of goods and services. If it is true that the analysis of the product life-cycle is fundamental to optimize the use of resources and to plan for the future reduction of adverse effects on urban environment, it is also true that there are still several barriers covering conceptual and practical issues which hinder the building of shared approaches for the economic evaluation of infrastructure projects. The chapter presents a case study where the Life-Cycle Cost methodology is used to compare three alternative intersection projects based on their total life-cyc…

A dissipated energy comparison to evaluate fatigue resistance using 2PB

2012

Flexural fatigue due to repeated traffic loading is a process of cumulative damage and one of the main failure modes of flexible pavement structures. Typically, micro-cracks originate at the bottom of an asphalt concrete layer due to horizontal tensile strains. Micro-cracking starts to propagate towards the upper layers under repeated loading which can lead to pavement failure. Different approaches are usually used to characterise fatigue resistance in asphalt mixtures including the phenomenological approach, the fracture mechanics approach and the dissipated energy approach. This paper presents a comparison of fatigue resistance calculated for different dissipated energy models using 2 Poi…

Recent Evolutions of Roundabouts: Methodological Issues and Practical Concerns.

2013

The aim of the research is to provide a choice criterion between innovative roundabouts (turbo-roundabouts and flower-roundabouts) and double-lane roundabouts by evaluating convenience in terms of performances, when traffic demand is known. For this purpose, comparisons of operational performances at innovative roundabouts with regard to those at traditional roundabouts were developed. We started from consistent assumptions regarding the arrival process of major streams and used capacity models founded on gap-acceptance theory. Having in mind a bunched exponential headways distribution, we proposed adaptations of the Hagring model for estimating entry capacity at intersections under examina…

Processing Strategies to Inactivate Hepatitis A Virus in Food Products: A Critical Review

2015

Hepatitis A infection, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), is the leading cause of human viral hepatitis throughout the world and is mainly propagated via the fecal–oral route. Transnational outbreaks of food-borne infections are reported with increasing frequency as a consequence of international food trade. Food-borne outbreaks caused by HAV are mainly associated with bivalve molluscs, produce (soft fruits and leafy greens), and ready-to-eat meals. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a structured and systematic review of the published literature on the current state of knowledge regarding the stability of HAV in foods as well as the efficacy of food processing strategies and to identi…

Rigaer Handels-Archiv: alphabetisches Register zum Rigaer Handels-Archiv und zu den demselben vorausgegangenen Druckschriften des Rigaer Börsen-Comité

1883

Rigaer Handels-Archiv: alphabetisches Register zum Rigaer Handels-Archiv und zu den demselben vorausgegangenen Druckschriften des Rigaer Börsen-Comit…

1898

La derechización del mundo / 6

2007

Comparative study of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement: the compromised deal of the free trade

2019

The main objective is to analyze two treaties – the old North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the new United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), to evidence the similarities and differences between two drafted agreements, and it aims to establish, what new issues shall be considered in drafting the Free Trade Agreements to establish mutually beneficial trade relationships with their trade nations. This thesis presents qualitative research, which to a major extent is based on the comparative historical analysis approach towards analyzing trade issues of NAFTA and the USMCA.

Dimensión socio-laboral de las relaciones comerciales trasatlánticas: algunas lecciones del pasado.

2022

En la cumbre UE-EE.UU. del pasado 15 de junio de 2021, la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos realizaron una declaración conjunta en la que anunciaron una asociación transatlántica renovada para la era posterior a la pandemia. De manera que en el momento en el que se refuerzan las negociaciones comerciales entre la UE y EE.UU. vale la pena analizar hasta dónde se llegó en las negociaciones del Acuerdo Transatlántico sobre Comercio e Inversión en el marco de la OMC, en particular en relación a los aspectos más controvertidos desde la perspectiva social. Lo que incluye un análisis comparado específicamente enfocado al tratamiento del desplazamiento de trabajadores en el AGCS y en la Directiva …