Search results for "TRES"
showing 10 items of 6927 documents
Mechanisms of C-reactive protein-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.
2009
Background and Purpose— Increased mortality after stroke is associated with brain edema formation and high plasma levels of the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to examine whether CRP directly affects blood–brain barrier stability and to analyze the underlying signaling pathways. Methods— We used a cell coculture model of the blood–brain barrier and the guinea pig isolated whole brain preparation. Results— We could show that CRP at clinically relevant concentrations (10 to 20 μg/mL) causes a disruption of the blood–brain barrier in both approaches. The results of our study further demonstrate CRP-induced activation of surface Fcγ receptors CD16/32 fo…
Endotheliale Dysfunktion: Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und prognostische Bedeutung
2008
The endothelium plays a crucial role in the regulation of vascular tone. Recent studies have indicated that endothelial dysfunction develops in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and in chronic smokers, as well as in patients with a family history of cardiovascular disease. It has now been established that endothelial dysfunction represents the first indicator of vascular damage. Endothelial function can be assessed in coronary and peripheral conductance and resistance vessels by means of invasive and noninvasive (ultrasound-guided) methods such as intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine, the endothelium-dependent vasodi…
Diaphragmatic Hernia following Pediatric Liver Transplantation: An Underappreciated Complication Prone to Recur.
2020
Abstract Introduction Postoperative diaphragmatic hernia (DH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication following pediatric liver transplantation (LT). In the current literature, a total of 49 such hernias have been reported in 17 case series. We present eight additional cases, three of which reoccurred after surgical correction, and review the current literature with a focus on recurrence. Materials and Methods The study sample included children (<18 years of age) who underwent LT between June 2013 and June 2020 at five large transplant centers and who subsequently presented with DH. During the study period, a total of 907 LT was performed. Eight DH were recognized, and ri…
Comparative cytoprotective effects of carbocysteine and fluticasone propionate in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells
2013
Cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) induce oxidative stress, an important feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and oxidative stress contributes to the poor clinical efficacy of corticosteroids in COPD patients. Carbocysteine, an antioxidant and mucolytic agent, is effec- tive in reducing the severity and the rate of exacerbations in COPD patients. The effects of carbocysteine on CSE-induced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells as well as the comparison of these antioxidant effects of carbocysteine with those of fluticasone propionate are unknown. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of carbocysteine (10−4 M) in cell survival and intracellular reactive o…
Chronic periodontitis impairs polymorphonuclear leucocyte-endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans.
2018
Aim To evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress parameters in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and PMN-endothelial cell interactions in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) according to different degrees of severity of the disease. Materials and methods For this cross-sectional study, 182 subjects were divided into four groups according to degree of CP: without CP (n = 37), mild CP (n = 59), moderate CP (n = 51), and severe CP (n = 35). We determined anthropometric and biochemical variables, periodontal parameters, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters (superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential), and PMN-endothelium cell interactions (rolling flux, velocit…
Nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of vascular disease
2000
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by at least three distinct isoforms of NO synthase (NOS). Their substrate and cofactor requirements are very similar. All three isoforms have some implications, physiological or pathophysiological, in the cardiovascular system. The endothelial NOS III is physiologically important for vascular homeostasis, keeping the vasculature dilated, protecting the intima from platelet aggregates and leukocyte adhesion, and preventing smooth muscle proliferation. Central and peripheral neuronal NOS I may also contribute to blood pressure regulation. Vascular disease associated with hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, and hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunct…
eNOS Uncoupling in Cardiovascular Diseases - the Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
2013
Many cardiovascular diseases and drug-induced complications are associated with - or even based on - an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and antioxidant enzymes catalyzing the break-down of these harmful oxidants. According to the “kindling radical” hypothesis, the formation of RONS may trigger in certain conditions the activation of additional sources of RONS. According to recent reports, vascular dysfunction in general and cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases may be connected to inflammatory processes. The present review is focusing on the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthas…
Dexamethasone suppresses eNOS and CAT-1 and induces oxidative stress in mouse resistance arterioles
2004
Long-term treatment with glucocorticoids is associated with mild to moderate hypertension. We reported previously that downregulation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression and activity is likely to contribute to this increase in blood pressure. In the present study, we tested the effects of dexamethasone on the vasodilation of microvascular arterioles using implanted dorsal skin-fold chambers in anesthetized C57BL/6J mice. Experiments were performed on control mice or on mice treated with dexamethasone (0.1–3 mg/kg of body wt). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to ACh (0.1–10 μM) was reduced by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent fashion. Comparable inhibition was seen in …
PPARγ as an indicator of vascular function in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome in rabbits
2021
Abstract Background and aims Underlying mechanisms associated with vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unclear and can even vary from one vascular bed to another. Methods In this study, MetS was induced by a high-fat, high-sucrose diet, and after 28 weeks, aorta and renal arteries were removed and used for isometric recording of tension in organ baths, protein expression by Western blot, and histological analysis to assess the presence of atherosclerosis. Results MetS induced a mild hypertension, pre-diabetes, central obesity and dyslipidaemia. Our results indicated that MetS did not change the contractile response in either the aorta or renal artery. Conversely, vasodi…
Recent Insights Into Cyberchondria.
2020
Purpose of Review The construct of cyberchondria was introduced relatively recently. This article aims to review the conceptualization, theoretical basis and correlates of cyberchondria, as well as its prevention and management. Recent Findings Although there is no consensus, most definitions of cyberchondria emphasize online health research associated with heightened distress or anxiety. The two theoretical models of cyberchondria involve reassurance seeking and specific metacognitive beliefs. Cyberchondria has relationships with health anxiety, problematic Internet use and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, with public health implications pertaining to functional impairment and al…