Search results for "TUMOR PROGRESSION"

Myeloid cells as orchestrators of the tumor microenvironment: novel targets for nanoparticular cancer therapy.

2016

Macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells are central players of a heterogeneous myeloid cell population, with the ability to suppress innate and adaptive immune responses and thus to promote tumor growth. Their influx and local proliferation are mainly induced by the cancers themselves, and their numbers in the tumor microenvironment and the peripheral blood correlate with decreased survival. Therapeutic targeting these innate immune cells, either aiming at their elimination or polarization toward tumor suppressive cells is an attractive novel approach to control tumor progression and block metastasis. We review the current understanding of cancer immun…

Integrating Liquid Biopsy and Radiomics to Monitor Clonal Heterogeneity of EGFR-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2020

BackgroundEGFR-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a dynamic entity and tumor progression and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) arise from the accumulation, over time and across different disease sites, of subclonal genetic mutations. For instance, the occurrence of EGFR T790M is associated with resistance to gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib, while EGFR C797S causes osimertinib to lose activity. Sensitive technologies as radiomics and liquid biopsy have great potential to monitor tumor heterogeneity since they are both minimally invasive, easy to perform, and can be repeated over patient’s follow-up, enabling the extraction of valuable information. Yet, to date, t…

miR‐200c and phospho‐AKT as prognostic factors and mediators of osteosarcoma progression and lung metastasis

2016

Lung metastasis is the major cause of death in osteosarcoma patients. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this metastasis remain poorly understood. To identify key molecules related with pulmonary metastasis of pediatric osteosarcomas, we analyzed high-throughput miRNA expression in a cohort of 11 primary tumors and 15 lung metastases. Results were further validated with an independent cohort of 10 primary tumors and 6 metastases. In parallel, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of activated signaling pathways in 36 primary osteosarcomas. Only phospho-AKT associated with lower overall survival in primary tumors, supporting its role in osteosarcoma progression. CTNNB1 expression a…

Discontinuation of braf/mek-directed targeted therapy after complete remission of metastatic melanoma : a retrospective multicenter adoreg study

2021

The advent of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) has significantly improved progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma. Long-term survivors have been identified particularly among patients with a complete response (CR) to BRAF/MEK-directed targeted therapy (TT). However, it remains unclear which patients who achieved a CR maintain a durable response and whether treatment cessation might be a safe option in these patients. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of treatment cessation on the clinical course of patients with a CR upon BRAF/MEK-directed-TT. We retrospectively selected patients with BRAF-V600-mutant advanced non-res…

Exosomes isolation and characterization in serum is feasible in non-small cell lung cancer patients: critical analysis of evidence and potential role…

2016

// Simona Taverna 1,2,* , Marco Giallombardo 1,3,* , Ignacio Gil-Bazo 4 , Anna Paola Carreca 3 , Marta Castiglia 3 , Jorge Chacartegui 3 , Antonio Araujo 5 , Riccardo Alessandro 1,2 , Patrick Pauwels 6 , Marc Peeters 7 and Christian Rolfo 3 1 Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2 Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy 3 Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Wilrijkstraat, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium 4 Department of Oncology, Clinica…

Analysis of miRNA expression profile induced by short term starvation in breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin

2017

// Sergio Rizzo 1, * , Antonina Cangemi 1, * , Antonio Galvano 1, * , Daniele Fanale 1 , Silvio Buscemi 2 , Marcello Ciaccio 3 , Antonio Russo 1 , Sergio Castorina 4, 5, # and Viviana Bazan 1, # 1 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2 Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine (DIBIMIS), Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 3 Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, U.O.C. Laboratory Medicine, Policlinico University Hospital, Palermo, Italy 4 Fondazione Mediterranea…

Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its association with angiogenesis

2016

Background: Breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the important hallmarks of cancer progression which facilitates the invasion of tumoral cells to the surrounding tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can degrade various components of the ECM and basement membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases-9 protein in the biologic behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its relation with tumor angiogenesis. Material and Methods: In this study 42 OSCC and 15 normal epithelium were reviewed by immunohistochemical staining for matrix metalloproteinases-9 and CD105. Results: Matrix metalloproteinases-9 expression was detected in 32 …

2021

While the importance of the iron-load of lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) in promoting tumor progression is widely appreciated, underlying molecular mechanisms largely remain elusive. Considering its role as an iron-transporter, we aimed at clarifying iron-loaded, holo-Lcn-2 (hLcn-2)-dependent signaling pathways in affecting renal cancer cell viability. Applying RNA sequencing analysis in renal CAKI1 tumor cells to explore highly upregulated molecular signatures in response to hLcn-2, we identified a cluster of genes (SLC7A11, GCLM, GLS), which are implicated in regulating ferroptosis. Indeed, hLcn-2-stimulated cells are protected from erastin-induced ferroptosis. We also noticed a rapid increase in rea…

Insights into apoptotic proteins in chemotherapy: quantification techniques and informing therapy choice.

2018

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A hallmark of cancer is evasion of apoptosis leading to tumor progression and drug resistance. Biomarker research has become a sign of the times, and proteins involved in apoptosis may be used for clinical diagnostic or prognostic purposes in cancer treatment. The recent progress in proteomic technology has triggered an emerging number of researchers to study the molecular mechanisms that regulate the apoptotic signal transduction pathways in cancer. Areas covered: A PubMed search for 'Proteomics' and 'cancer' and 'chemotherapy' and 'apoptosis' has been conducted for literature until December 2017.The study of apoptot…

Metabolic and inflammatory reprogramming of macrophages by ONC201 translates in a pro-inflammatory environment even in presence of glioblastoma cells

2020

Tumor-associated macrophages facilitate tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Their capacity for metabolic and inflammatory reprogramming represents an attractive therapeutic target. ONC201/TIC10 is an anticancer molecule that antagonizes the dopamine receptor D2 and affects mitochondria integrity in tumor cells. We examined whether ONC201 induces a metabolic and pro-inflammatory switch in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages that reactivates their antitumor activities, thus enhancing the onco-toxicity of ONC201. Contrary to glioblastoma cells, macrophages exhibited a low ratio of dopamine receptors D2/D5 gene expression and were resistant to ONC201 cytotoxicity. Macrophages re…