Search results for "Tact"

The use of the indentation test for studying the solidification behaviour of different semicrystalline polymers during injection moulding

2005

Summary: An in-line method for monitoring the solid-ificationprocess during injection molding of semicrystallinepolymers (demonstrated previously in J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2003, 89, 3713) is based on a simple device, where anadditional ejector pin is pushed on the injection molded partatdifferenttimesduringthesolidificationphase.The‘inden-tation depth profile’, i.e., residual deformation as a functionoftime,wasobtainedandallowedtodeterminetheevolutionof the solidification front in the mold as a function of thecooling time. The present work shows the reliability andthe powerfulness of the aforementioned method for a largevariety of different semicrystalline polymers (PET, PBT,polyamide-6 PA6, isota…

The use of master curves to describe the simultaneous effect of cooling rate and pressure on polymer crystallization

2003

In a previous work a master-curve approach was applied to experimental density data to explain isotactic polypropylene (iPP) behaviour under pressure and high cooling rates. Suitable samples were prepared by solidification from the melt under various cooling rate and pressure conditions with the help of a special apparatus based on a modified injection moulding machine. The approach here reported is more general than the case study previously shown, and is suitable to be applied to several materials and for different measures related to crystalline content. The proposed simple model is able to predict successfully the final polymer properties (density, micro-hardness, crystallinity) by supe…

EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF GLUTEN-BASED FILM

2010

Abstract Gluten films obtained in acid conditions display some protein dispersion difficulties. Ultrasound treatment (UT) could represent an interesting strategy for improving gluten film appearance. Different UT exposure times were applied to film-forming dispersion. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of ultrasound treatment on gluten-based films at molecular and mesoscopic levels. Distribution in gliadin and glutenins was determined with SE-HPLC. The UT improved protein dispersion and final film appearance. Sonication did not lead to large changes in various gluten fractions, which suggests absence of important protein breakdown at the molecular level. Gluten showed high t…

Ylide als polymerisationsinitiatoren. I. Salzhaltige und salzfreie phosphoniumylide

1972

Phosphorylide, R3PCHX und R3PCH2·LiBr, konnen eine anionische Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren starten. Dabei werden im Falle des Methacrylnitrils und des Methylmethacrylats die Ylide als Endgruppen in die Polymeren eingebaut. Bei den salzfreien Yliden hangt die Startwirksamkeit von der Basizitat des Ylidcarbanions ab, die Struktur dieser Ylide hat aber keinen mesbaren Einflus auf das Molekulargewicht und die Taktizitat der entstehenden Polymeren. Im Gegensatz dazu wird bei der Initiierung mit den salzhaltigen Yliden auch die Taktizitat der Polymeren von den Substituenten der Phosphorylide beeinflust. Phosphorous ylids, R3PCHX and R3PCH2·LiBr, are able to start an anionic polymerization of…

Modification of Chiral Properties Due to Interaction of Polymers and Small Molecules or Ions

1979

The first part of this report deals with changes in the optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism resulting from the chemical modification of optically active polymers. Amylose derivatives have very different chiroptical properties compared with cellulose derivatives. Variations in glucosidic bonds and differing secondary structures are described and suggested as causes for this. The N-chlorination of synthetic optically active polyamides is also described, which in all probability proceeds without changing the configuration at the asymmetric C atoms. Reactions of inactive polymers with low molecular weight chiral reagents usually give optical rotation values proportional to the de…

Rotationsdispersion bei monomerem und polymerem L-(–)-Lactid

1965

Bei der kationischen Polymerisation von L-Lactid entsteht ein hochkristallines, isotaktisches Polymeres. Physikalische Eigenschaften des Monomeren und Polymeren werden mitgeteilt. Fur die Rotationsdispersion von L-Lactid in verschiedenen Losungsmitteln gilt die eintermige DRUDE-Gleichung. Das Polymere hat eine Dispersions-Kurve mit einem ersten Extremum bei 275 mμ. Die Dispersionskurve des Poly-L-lactids last sich durch die MOFFITT-YANG-Gleichung beschreiben. Hieraus werden Schlusse auf die Sekundarstruktur des gelosten Polymeren gezogen. In the cationic polymerization of L-lactide a high cristalline isotactic polymer is obtained. Physical properties of monomer and polymer are reported. The…

Wood coated with plasma-polymer for water repellence

2008

The effects of cold HMDSO and HMDSO + SF6 plasma treatments on spruce, chestnut and poplar wood were investigated in order to obtain a hydrophobic surface evaluated by microscopic, spectroscopic (FT-IR and LIBS) and contact angle analyses. Cold plasma treatments can increase the surface hydro-repellence without modifying the external aspect and bulk properties of different woods.

1978

A newly designed automatically controlled stirred reactor suitable for kinetic measurements of reactions with half lives ≥2s has been applied to follow the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate in THF with Na+ as a counter ion in the presence of an excess of NaB(C6H5)4. As initiators were used: benzylsodium reacted with α-methylstyrene (I), fluorenylsodium (II), and 9-methylfluorenylsodium (III). With I the initiation is fast as compared with the polymerization reaction which is first order in monomer concentration. Within the range of −50°C to −100°C an almost unperturbed “living” polymerization is observed. The Arrhenius plot of the rate constants results in a straight line with a…

Kristallinität und schmelzbereiche von isotaktischen polystyrolen. VI. Mitt. Über die stereospezifische polymerisation mit alkaliorganischen verbindu…

1963

Es werden nach verschiedenen Methoden Kristallisationsversuche an isotaktischen Polystyrolen unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichts durchgefuhrt. Gemische von isotaktischen und ataktischen Polystyrolen werden mit verschiedenen Kristallisationsmedien behandelt und die abgetrennten kristallisierten isotaktischen Anteile durch RONTGENdiagramme und Schmelzpunkte charakterisiert. Einige durch Polymerisation von Styrol mit n-Amylnatrium hergestellte Polystyrole werden nach der Fallungsmethode fraktioniert. Die Verteilung der Polymerisationsgrade ist sehr breit. Die hochmolekularen Polystyrolfraktionen sind durchweg gut kristallisierbar und weisen relativ hohe Taktizitat auf, wahrend sehr niedermolek…

Indium Selenide Solar Cells

1981

Indium selenide photovoltaic devices are described. Transport and photovoltaic properties are discussed. Efficiencies of 6% are reported and ways of improvement are proposed.