Search results for "Task"
showing 10 items of 1658 documents
Can animation compensate for temporal processing difficulties in deaf people?
2020
International audience; This article addresses the issue of animation as an aid for temporal processing difficulties in deaf people learning the Highway Code. A decision‐making task involving static or animated road situations was performed by 21 deaf and 24 hearing participants. They were confronted with four types of driving situations (overtaking, negotiating roundabouts, highways, and intersections) and had to decide whether or not to proceed. Participants were presented with two different formats (static vs. animated) and two levels of difficulty (simple vs. complex). Results showed that deaf participants had poorer performances in the static condition than hearing participants. Perfor…
How is Visual Recognition Entrained by Auditory Background Rhythms?
2014
AbstractRecent studies have reported that the oscillations of auditory attention entrained by a background rhythmic sequence can influence performance in visual recognition tasks. We have designed an experimental paradigm in which a visual item (either a bisyllabic word or a familiar face) is displayed on screen in two consecutive parts while a musical rhythm is played in the background. Depending on the timing conditions, the first or the second part of the item could be presented either in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the beats of the auditory rhythm. In a first series of experiments, participants performed a lexical decision task on bisyllabic 5-letter strings. Results show that wh…
Multitasking in Driving as Optimal Adaptation Under Uncertainty
2021
Objective The objective was to better understand how people adapt multitasking behavior when circumstances in driving change and how safe versus unsafe behaviors emerge. Background Multitasking strategies in driving adapt to changes in the task environment, but the cognitive mechanisms of this adaptation are not well known. Missing is a unifying account to explain the joint contribution of task constraints, goals, cognitive capabilities, and beliefs about the driving environment. Method We model the driver’s decision to deploy visual attention as a stochastic sequential decision-making problem and propose hierarchical reinforcement learning as a computationally tractable solution to it. The…
Ebselen prevents chronic alcohol-induced rat hippocampal stress and functional impairment
2007
Background: Most of the previously published data suggest a role for oxidative or nitrosative stress in ethanol-induced nervous system damage. Moreover, ethanol is able to impair learning abilities in adult mammalian brain, a process suggested to be directly related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Ebselen, a synthetic compound with antioxidant properties, is able to prevent ethanol-induced impairment of neurogenesis in adult rats. The aim of the present work was to further demonstrate the ability of ebselen to prevent biochemical alterations, and preserve long-term potentiation (LTP) and learning abilities, in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholic adult rats. Methods: Biochemical markers of oxi…
Déjà vu experiences in healthy subjects are unrelated to laboratory tests of recollection and familiarity for word stimuli
2013
Recent neuropsychological and neuroscientific research suggests that people who experience more déjà vu display characteristic patterns in normal recognition memory. We conducted a large individual differences study (n = 206) to test these predictions using recollection and familiarity parameters recovered from a standard memory task. Participants reported déjà vu frequency and a number of its correlates, and completed a recognition memory task analogous to a Remember-Know procedure. The individual difference measures replicated an established correlation between déjà vu frequency and frequency of travel, and recognition performance showed well-established word frequency and accuracy effect…
Assessing B.A.Bar Device as a Tool for Supporting Labour Integration of a Severely Affected Person with Autism Who Carries Out Classifying Tasks
2004
This paper describes the case research carried out to demonstrate the utility of a specific technical aid (adapted bar code reader) to train an adult with severe autism in the performance of a work task of classifying products in a shop. The individual with autism who participated in this research has a combination of difficulties (degree of 76 percent of disability and unable to learn to read and write) and abilities (being able to follow single verbal instructions). Positive results are expounded together with considerations about the desirable features of future products that would overcome the mere training process and also be useful for the final and real task in any working environmen…
Beyond Clicks and Beeps: In Pursuit of an Effective Sound Design Methodology
2007
Designing effective non-speech audio elements for a user-interface is a challenging task due to the complex nature of sounds and the changing contexts of non-visual interfaces. In this paper we present a design method, which is intended to take into account the complexity of audio design as well as the existing audio environment and the functional context of use. Central to this method is a rich use scenario, presented in the form of a radio play, which is used as a basis for the work of design panels. A previous version of the design method is analysed and specific practical issues are identified. Solutions to these issues are presented in the form of a modified version of the method. In t…
On Information Processing in the Cat’s Visual Cortex
1986
We assume that the visual system serves for orientation in space, recognition of objects and the interpretation of scenes and scene sequences. This task breaks up into a series of partially interdependent subproblems which are solved by some 13–15 usually retinotopically organized areas. So far it has not been possible to correlate functions and areas unequivocally. One reason for this could be the inadequacy of the questions posed as a basis for experiments. However, we think it more likely that correlating a function with an area is, as a rule, inadmissible since the degree of the coupling in the whole system does not permit a simple divsion. Rather the type and degree of coupling determi…
A Coclustering Approach for Mining Large Protein-Protein Interaction Networks
2012
Several approaches have been presented in the literature to cluster Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. They can be grouped in two main categories: those allowing a protein to participate in different clusters and those generating only nonoverlapping clusters. In both cases, a challenging task is to find a suitable compromise between the biological relevance of the results and a comprehensive coverage of the analyzed networks. Indeed, methods returning high accurate results are often able to cover only small parts of the input PPI network, especially when low-characterized networks are considered. We present a coclustering-based technique able to generate both overlapping and nonove…
Directionnalité graphique et dominance manuelle : une perspective développementale et interculturelle
2012
In the present work, we try to provide some understanding about the factors underlying the directional tendencies, by examining the impact of biomechanical constraints and cultural habits on directionality in graphic movements. French and Syrian subjects, children and adults, were compared in six experiments in order, to put in evidence the cognitive and psychomotor differences caused by the fact that the Eastern and Western cultures oppose on the directionality of writing and reading habits, and that the two hands are opposite in the directionality by adopting movements determined by biomechanical constraints. Likewise, this comparison allowed us to determine the relative strength of these…