Search results for "Task"

Evidence for general cognitive ability (g ) in heterogeneous stock mice and an analysis of potential confounds

2002

The heterogeneous stock (HS) is a genetically outbred line of mice established more than 30 years ago from an 8-way cross of C57BL/6, BALB/c, RIII, AKR, DBA/2, I, A/J and C3H inbred mouse strains. The present study compared the performance of 40 HS mice across a battery of diverse cognitive tasks under a variety of motivations. Indices of emotionality were also included in order to assess their influence on performance. All measures of ability loaded positively on an unrotated first principal component that accounted for 31% of the variance, suggesting the presence of a common factor of general cognitive ability (g) underlying all tasks. A first factor derived from anxiety indices correlate…

Affective consequences of optimism and pessimism in the face of failure: Evidence of a moderation by attribution

2015

Abstract The present experiment set out to investigate the affective consequences of dispositional optimism and attribution in performance settings. Optimistic and pessimistic participants ( N  = 42 each) experienced failure at solving two cognitive tasks in an alleged team setting. The failure could either be attributed to themselves (internal condition) or a teammate (external condition). We found disordinal interactions of optimism and attribution on the feelings of success and feelings of failure. While the affective state of optimists deteriorated significantly if they attributed the failure internally compared to externally, pessimists were emotionally unaffected by the locus of attri…

The Contingent Negative Variation – An Electrophysiological Correlate of Temporal Processing or Reference Memory?

2014

Abstract In EEG research, the contingent negative variation (CNV) is considered to be strongly related to interval timing (e.g., Macar & Vidal, 2004 ; Macar, Vidal, & Casini, 1999). However, it is discussed controversially whether certain properties of the CNV (e.g., amplitude, peak latency and resolution) directly reflect the process of temporal accumulation or rather processes related to reference memory or decision stages in temporal information processing (van Rijn et al., 2011). This present study was designed in order to investigate the relationship between CNV mean amplitude, CNV resolution, and memory processes as well as processes of temporal accumulation. The task design aimed at …

2012

BackgroundIncreased reaction time variability (RTV) on cognitive tasks requiring a speeded response is characteristic of several psychiatric disorders. In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the association with RTV is strong phenotypically and genetically, yet high RTV is not a stable impairment but shows ADHD-sensitive improvement under certain conditions, such as those with rewards. The state regulation theory proposed that the RTV difference score, which captures change from baseline to a rewarded or fast condition, specifically measures ‘state regulation’. By contrast, the interpretation of RTV baseline (slow, unrewarded) scores is debated. We aimed to investigate directly…

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Social Media Big data Analytics for Disaster Management -Initial Results of a Systematic Literature Review

2018

When any kind of disaster occurs, victims who are directly and indirectly affected by the disaster often post vast amount of data (e.g., images, text, speech, video) using numerous social media platforms. This is because social media has recently become a primary communication channel among people to report either to public or to emergency responders (ERs). ERs, who are from various emergency response organizations (EROs), usually consider to gain awareness of the situation in order to respond to occurred disaster. However, with the occurrence of the disaster, within minutes, the social media platforms are flooded with various kinds of data which become overwhelmed for ERs with big data. Fu…

La conoscenza delle emozioni in età prescolare: un contributo alla validazione italiana dell’Emotion Matching Task (EMT)

2013

Lo studio presenta i dati relativi alla validità di criterio dell’EMT (Izard et al., 2003), una misura della conoscenza delle emozioni in età prescolare. La validità di criterio è esaminata in relazione alla regolazione emotiva dei bambini, alla loro competenza sociale e alla manifestazione di problemi comportamentali di natura internalizzata ed esternalizzata. I dati sono preliminarmente analizzati in funzione dell’età e delle abilità verbali. Hanno partecipato allo studio 120 bambini, divisi in tre gruppi: 3, 4 e 5 anni. Oltre all’EMT, sono stati somministrati il PPVT (Dunn e Dunn, 1997; Stella, Pizzoli e Tressoldi, 2000), l’ERC (Molina et al., 2014; Shields e Cicchetti, 1997) e l’SCBE (L…

Instructional support predicts children’s task avoidance in kindergarten

2011

Abstract This study examined the role of observed classroom quality in children's task-avoidant behavior and math skills in kindergarten. To investigate this, 1268 children were tested twice on their math skills during their kindergarten year. Kindergarten teachers ( N  = 137) filled in questionnaires measuring their professional experience and also rated the children on their task-avoidant versus task-focused behaviors. Trained observers used the CLASS instrument ( Pianta, La Paro, & Hamre, 2008 ) to observe 49 kindergarten teachers (out of 137) on their emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional support. The results of multilevel modeling showed that kindergarten classro…

The cross-lagged associations between classroom interactions and children’s achievement behaviors

2014

This study examined the cross-lagged associations between the quality of classroom interactions and children’s behaviors in achievement situations. The achievement behaviors in challenging test situations of 166 Finnish children from 70 classrooms were rated by trained testers in grades 1 and 2. The quality of classroom interactions in terms of emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional support were observed in 25 classrooms (out of 70) in grades 1 and 2. The results of multilevel modeling showed that classroom teachers’ low emotional support predicted children’s subsequent high passive avoidance, whereas high classroom organization and instructional support predicted chil…

Attentional biases towards emotional scenes in autism spectrum condition: An eye-tracking study.

2021

Abstract Background Different attentional processing of emotional information may underlie social impairments in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). It has been hypothesized that individuals with ASC show hypersensitivity to threat, which may be related to an avoidance behaviour. However, research on the attentional processing of emotional information in autism is inconclusive. Aim To examine the attentional processing biases of 27 children with ASC and 25 typically developed (TD) participants. Methods and procedures The initial orienting of attention, the attentional engagement, and the attentional maintenance to complex emotional scenes in competition (happy, neutral, threatening, sad) were …

Employee Performance in Temporary Organizations: The Effects of Person‐Environment Fit and Temporariness on Task Performance and Innovative Performan…

2020

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